Quantitative characterization of the spin-orbit torque using harmonic Hall voltage measurements

By M. Hayashi, Junyeon Kim, Michihiko Yamanouchi, Hideo Ohno. 2013

401 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Solid understanding of current induced torques is a key to the development of current and voltage controlled magnetization dynamics in ultrathin magnetic heterostructures. To evaluate the size and direction of such torques, or effective fields, a number of methods have been employed. Here, we examine the adiabatic (low-frequency) harmonic Hall voltage measurement that has been used to study the effective field. We derive an analytical formula for the harmonic Hall voltages to evaluate the effective field for both out of plane and in-plane magnetized systems. The formula agrees with numerical calculations based on a macrospin model. Two different in-plane magnetized films, Pt|CoFeB|MgO and CuIr|CoFeB|MgO are studied using the formula developed. The effective field obtained for the latter system shows relatively good agreement with that estimated using spin torque switching phase diagram measurements reported previously. Our results illustrate the versatile applicability of harmonic Hall voltage measurement for studying current induced torques in magnetic heterostructures.

Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8a987ed86a5b249fd3c11cfc420e1dabb8992401

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In Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

1. Pietro Gambardella
2. J. Sinova
3. T. Jungwirth
4. A. Manchon
5. I. Miron
6. Kevin Garello
7. A. Thiaville
8. J. Železný

In Electrical and Electronic Engineering

1. J. Sinova
2. A. Manchon
3. T. Jungwirth
4. A. Thiaville
5. Kevin Garello
6. Pietro Gambardella
7. I. Miron
8. J. Železný

Citations in the corpus

• Skyrmion Hall effect revealed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy (2016, methodology): “ass with the weights 𝑀𝑧,𝑖−𝑀𝑆 2 , where 𝑀𝑧,𝑖 is the zcomponent of the magnetization in cell i and 𝑀𝑆 the saturation magnetization. In agreement with Page 11 of 24 the experimental description given in [30], the SOTs were implemented by adding the torques directly to the explicit LLG equatio”
• Magnetism, symmetry and spin transport in van der Waals layered systems (2021, neutral): “An important point for comparison with experimental data is how to obtain theoretically the strength of the SOT parameters.”
• Current-induced spin-orbit torques in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems (2018, background): “It was soon extended to both components of the torques accounting for both the AHE and PHE (Garello et al., 2013; Hayashi et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2013a), as well as for the torque angular dependence (Garello et al., 2013; Qiu et al., 2014) and magnetothermal effects (Avci et al., 2014a; Ghosh et…”