Skyrmion Hall effect revealed by direct time-resolved X-ray microscopy
By K. Litzius, I. Lemesh, Benjamin Krueger, P. Bassirian, Lucas Caretta, K. Richter, F. Buttner, Koji Sato, O. Tretiakov, J. Forster and 7 more. Nature Physics, 2016
779 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates for future spintronic applications such as skyrmion racetrack memories and logic devices. They exhibit exotic and complex dynamics governed by topology and are less influenced by defects, such as edge roughness, than conventionally used domain walls. In particular, their non-zero topological charge leads to a predicted ‘skyrmion Hall effect’, in which current-driven skyrmions acquire a transverse velocity component analogous to charged particles in the conventional Hall effect. Here, we use nanoscale pump–probe imaging to reveal the real-time dynamics of skyrmions driven by current-induced spin–orbit torques. We find that skyrmions move at a well-defined angle ΘSkH that can exceed 30° with respect to the current flow, but in contrast to conventional theoretical expectations, ΘSkH increases linearly with velocity up to at least 100 ms−1. We qualitatively explain our observation based on internal mode excitations in combination with a field-like spin–orbit torque, showing that one must go beyond the usual rigid skyrmion description to understand the dynamics. Experiments show that when driven by electric currents, magnetic skyrmions experience transverse motion due to their topological charge — similar to the conventional Hall effect experienced by charged particles in a perpendicular magnetic field.
Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7b6f37dc08797ae6309af2ab96f0694ed8f753de
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Citations in the corpus
- Skyrmions in magnetic multilayers (2017, background): “l. attributed the reduced values of the observed skyrmion Hall angles compared to theoretical exectations to the complex internal mode excitations of skyrmions in combination with a field-like torque [96]. These authors performed extensive micromagnetic simulations in support of a deformation of sky”
- Skyrmion-electronics: writing, deleting, reading and processing magnetic skyrmions toward spintronic applications (2019, background): “In 2017, Jiang et al [218] and Litzius et al [219] directly observed the SkHE (see figure 11(b)) in room-temperature experiments where skyrmions are driven by the current-induced SOTs.”
- Beyond skyrmions: Review and perspectives of alternative magnetic quasiparticles (2020, background): “Still, it has been predicted [8] and observed [15, 16] that the skyrmions do not move parallel to the current, but experience a transverse deflection in this case.”