The black hole final state

By G. Horowitz, J. Maldacena. 2003

350 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We propose that in quantum gravity one needs to impose a final state boundary condition at black hole singularities. This resolves the apparent contradiction between string theory and semiclassical arguments over whether black hole evaporation is unitary.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/898270ebaf4ed6ad715771c058572f2a45819347

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Citations in the corpus

The Black Hole Information Problem (2016, background): “but not if you measure sn and then sz! In the black hole context, this idea was suggested some time ago by Horowitz and Maldacena [49].”
Jerusalem Lectures on Black Holes and Quantum Information (2014, background): “Another interesting proposal for modifying quantum mechanics to obtain a consistent description of the black hole interior is the quantum postselection formalism of Horowitz and Maldacena [172].”
Time Dependence of Hawking Radiation Entropy (2013, background): “Interest in black hole information [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 6”
Black hole entanglement and quantum error correction (2012, methodology): “Our use of the ancillary Hilbert space Ha is somewhat reminiscent of the black hole final state proposal of [31].”
Complementarity is not enough (2012, background): “Horowitz and Maldacena (HM) [38] proposed a way to reconcile unitarity with the assumption [6] that the state in the vicinity of the horizon (as seen by an inertial observer away from infalling matter) is the vacuum.”
Black hole information, unitarity, and nonlocality (2006, methodology): “Lastly, another proposal for for the fate of information in black holes is the “final state” proposal of Horowitz and Maldacena[28], which suggests that the state at the singularity is unique, and thus devoid of information.”
Quantum computation vs. firewalls (2013, background): “Another interesting proposal, raised again recently in the firewall discussion by John Preskill and Alexei Kitaev, is the Maldacena/Horowitz “black hole final state” scenario [19].”
Transcending the ensemble: baby universes, spacetime wormholes, and the order and disorder of black hole information (2020, background): “The plethora of proposals for new physics that might be associated with obtaining this Page curve (including [3, 7–39]) were thus all properly viewed as speculative and contained at least some optimistic extrapolation or ad hoc ingredient.”
Entanglement wedge reconstruction and the information paradox (2019, background): “This story is, in effect, simply the Horowitz-Maldacena final state postselection proposal [41].”
Holographic description of AdS cosmologies (2005, background): “(16)Possible connections between the Hartle-Hawking wave function and string theory were also discussed in [36] and [37].”
QBism, the Perimeter of Quantum Bayesianism (2010, background): “And in a farther-fetched scenario to which we will come back, its logarithm might just manifest itself as the squared gravitational mass of a Schwarzschild black hole [81,82].”
The Page curve of Hawking radiation from semiclassical geometry (2019, background): “(As discussed in [8], such a description might involve something similar to a final state projection [43].”
Black holes: complementarity or firewalls? (2012, neutral): “This is similar to the nonunitary evolution appearing in the black hole final state conjecture [20].”