The effect of horizontal alliances on firm productivity and profitability: evidence from the global airline industry

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Horizontal cooperation in logistics : Opportunities and impediments (2007, background): “With the exceptions of maritime shipping (see e.g. Sheppard and Seidman, 2001) and the airline industry (Fan et al., 2001 and Oum et al. 2002), where horizontal collaboration is quite common and well studied, the literature on horizontal logistic partnerships is scarce.”
Production Coopetition Strategies for Competing Manufacturers that Produce Partially Substitutable Products (2019, background): “Typical examples of this motive include the airline industry, in which alliances are often developed between rival airlines to gain efficiency benefits by sharing resources (Oum et al. 2004; Garrette et al. 2009).”
When and with whom to cooperate? Investigating effects of cooperation stage and type on innovation capabilities and success (2017, background): “…have examined the impact of different cooperation types on innovation capabilities and success (Gassmann et al., 2010a,b; Krause et al., 2007; Oum et al., 2004), but mainly focused on horizontal (competitors) or vertical cooperation (supplier and customer) and excluded institutional ones…”