Global characteristics of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves: Occurrence rate and its storm dependence

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Resonant scattering of outer zone relativistic electrons by multiband EMIC waves and resultant electron loss time scales (2015, background): “in the inner magnetosphere (L=4–7) on the prenoon to dusk side during active times [Keika et al., 2013].”
Global morphology and spectral properties of EMIC waves derived from CRRES observations (2014, methodology): “In contrast, helium band EMIC waves occur most frequently in the inner magnetosphere with a percentage occurrence of the order 5–10% in the region 4 L 7 on the prenoon to duskside under disturbed conditions (Dst < −50nT) [Keika et al., 2013].”
The occurrence and wave properties of H+‐, He+‐, and O+‐band EMIC waves observed by the Van Allen Probes (2015, methodology): “The peak occurrence region of EMIC waves observed by AMPTE CCE was found to be at 7 ≤ L ≤ 9 [Anderson et al., 1992a; Keika et al., 2013], which are regions where the Van Allen Probes do not have significant data coverage.”
A statistical study of EMIC waves observed by Cluster: 1. Wave properties (2014, methodology): “…past the MLAT limitations of previous studies [e.g., Anderson et al., 1992a, 1992b; Fraser and Nguyen, 2001; Loto’aniu et al., 2005; Halford et al., 2010; Min et al., 2012; Keika et al., 2013; Usanova et al., 2013] to better characterize EMIC wave generation and propagation effects in MLAT.”