SEED REMOVAL, SEED PREDATION, AND SECONDARY DISPERSAL

By S. B. Wall, Kellie M. Kuhn, Maurie J. Beck. 2005

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Abiotic and biotic factors affecting crop seed germination and seedling emergence: a conceptual framework (2018, methodology): “A higher vertebrate predation of larger seeds is probably due to the fact that larger seeds consitute a richer energy resource or are more apparent to vertebrates than smaller seeds (Hulme 1993; Vander Wall 1994).”
Seed predators limit plant recruitment in Neotropical savannas (2011, neutral): “It is important to recognize that rates of seed removal may not reﬂ ect true predation (Vander Wall et al. 2005), since seeds could conceivably be discarded by animals in sites that favor seed germination and seedling establishment.”
How can we target the weed seedbank? (2006, background): “A known quantity of seed is placed on the soil surface or on an artificial substrate (Gallandt 2005), and the seed remaining after some period of time is counted; seeds removed are considered predated, although it should be noted that certain animals routinely cache seeds (Vander Wall et al. 2005).”
Integrating measurements of seed availability and removal to estimate weed seed losses due to predation (2006, background): “Although it is often implicitly assumed that all removed seeds are destroyed by the granivores, some may be transported and cached without being consumed (Vander Wall et al. 2005).”