Integrating measurements of seed availability and removal to estimate weed seed losses due to predation

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The Selective Memory of Weed Seedbanks after 18 Years of Conservation Tillage (2011, background): “In spite of no active physical action from tillage implements in no-till systems, weed seeds may move in the soil profile (Westerman et al. 2006).”
The Role of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Weed Seed Consumption: A Review (2015, background): “…the development of cracks and pores due to changes in soil physical properties, and the activities of terrestrial fauna (burrowing, caching) can result in seed burial at a depth where they are no longer available to surface activepredators (Chambers and MacMahon 1994; Westerman et al. 2006).”
Do microorganisms influence seed-bank dynamics? (2006, background): “Physical disturbances to soil from, for example, insect movement, tillage practices, and formation of cracks or fissures, would presumably lead to redistribution of seeds (Westerman et al. 2006) and either limit or increase the chance encounters between seeds and microorganisms.”
Effects of tillage and irrigation in cereal fields on weed seed removal by seed predators (2009, background): “For this reason, Westerman et al. (2006) suggested using seed availability on the soil surface as weights when averaging short-term predation rates.”