Effects of nanotube waviness on the modulus of nanotube-reinforced polymers

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Fiber waviness in nanotube-reinforced polymer composites—II: modeling via numerical approximation of the dilute strain concentration tensor (2003, methodology): “In a previous study [13] and in the companion article of this work [15], the problem was simplified by modeling the wavy NTs as infinitely long straight NTs; the effect of waviness was incorporated using a reduced effective nanotube modulus determined via finite element modeling.”
On the effective elastic moduli of carbon nanotubes for nanocomposite structures (2004, background): “An important increase of the tensile modulus and yield strength of polymers has been reported [4,5] after the random dispersion of single-walled or multi-walled nanotubes.”
Fiber waviness in nanotube-reinforced polymer composites-I: Modulus predictions using effective nanotube properties (2003, result): “3 This effective reinforcing modulus EERM is identical to what we have called the wavy nanotube modulus (Ewavy) in previous work [32].”
A study on the tensile response and fracture in carbon nanotube-based composites using molecular mechanics (2007, methodology): “Finite element approach has also been employed by Fisher et al. [22] [23] to study the effect of waviness of the CNT on the mechanical properties.”