Fiber waviness in nanotube-reinforced polymer composites-I: Modulus predictions using effective nanotube properties

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Reinforcement mechanisms in MWCNT-filled polycarbonate (2006, background): “While the outer shell volume fraction (Vos) may account for the negligible contribution of the inner shells of MWCNTs loaded in pure tension, within the composite the randomly oriented MWCNTs experience a complex stress state (including bending and shear, further complicated by the non-straight actu”
Carbon nanostructures for advanced composites (2006, methodology): “Fisher et al [241] used a FEM to model fibre waviness in CNT-reinforced polymer composites to determine its effect on the overall mechanical properties.”
A review of the mechanical properties of isolated carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube composites (2010, methodology): “[ 90 ] 2003 Combined FEM and micromechanics models (wavy and straight SWCNTs) [91] — M–T Yes No Perfect”
Multifunctional properties of high volume fraction aligned carbon nanotube polymer composites with controlled morphology (2009, unknown): “CNT waviness has been modeled in PNCs by other authors [43– 45] and is predicted to have a significant effect on both the axial (CNT axis) [44] and transverse PNC modulus [45].”