On the different nature of top-down and bottom-up effects in pelagic food webs

By Z. Gliwicz. 2002

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Impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: the role of species co‐tolerance (2004, background): “Similarly, smaller zooplankton are less vulnerable to UV radiation (Leech and Williamson 2000), visually feeding vertebrate predators (Brooks and Dodson 1965, Gliwicz 2002), and pesticides (Moore and Folt 1993, Hanazato 1998).”
Consequences of fish predation, migration, and juvenile ontogeny on zooplankton spring dynamics (2007, background): “This may be a result of the accelerating predation pressure from both adult and 0+ fish, of resource depletion, or of a combination of both bottom-up and topdown processes (Gliwicz 2002; Wagner et al. 2004).”
Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments of Inorganic Metals and Metalloids: Current Status (2003, background): “The nature of bottom-up and top-down impacts on natural populations differs (Gliwicz 2002).”
Top‐down control of phytoplankton: the role of time scale, lake depth and trophic state (2002, result): “…confirms previous conclusions (Reynolds, 1994; Carpenter, 1996) that the short time scale of enclosure experiments prevents the development of slow-growing large (inedible) phytoplankton which in the long-term will fill in the niches opened by intense grazing (cf. Gliwicz, 1975, 1990, 2002).”