Neutrophils sense microbial size and selectively release neutrophil extracellular traps in response to large pathogens
By Nora Branzk, A. Lubojemska, S. Hardison, Qian Wang, M. Gutierrez, Gordon D. Brown, V. Papayannopoulos. Nature Immunology, 2014
935 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Neutrophils are critical for antifungal defense, but the mechanisms that clear hyphae and other pathogens that are too large to be phagocytosed remain unknown. We found that neutrophils sensed microbe size and selectively released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to large pathogens, such as Candida albicans hyphae and extracellular aggregates of Mycobacterium bovis, but not in response to small yeast or single bacteria. NETs were fundamental in countering large pathogens in vivo. Phagocytosis via dectin-1 acted as a sensor of microbe size and prevented NET release by downregulating the translocation of neutrophil elastase (NE) to the nucleus. Dectin-1 deficiency led to aberrant NET release and NET-mediated tissue damage during infection. Size-tailored neutrophil responses cleared large microbes and minimized pathology when microbes were small enough to be phagocytosed.
Subfields: Genetics, Immunology, Infectious Diseases
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/85389428c843efe91a95358c72fd30e82b1e7173
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Citations in the corpus
- Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation (2018, background): “The action of NETs requires ROS formation, synthesis of enzymes, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase, as well as components capable of overriding virulence factors and destroying extracellular bacteria [100].”
- Neutrophils: Between Host Defence, Immune Modulation, and Tissue Injury (2015, background): “A recent study suggests that particularly larger pathogens, such as fungal hyphae, induce NET formation [86].”
- Neutrophil: A Cell with Many Roles in Inflammation or Several Cell Types? (2018, background): “This protease promotes NETosis by degrading histones in the nucleus (Branzk et al., 2014).”