Exosome-Transmitted lncARSR Promotes Sunitinib Resistance in Renal Cancer by Acting as a Competing Endogenous RNA.

By Le Qu, Jin Ding, Cheng Chen, Zhenjie Wu, Bing Liu, Yi Gao, Wei Chen, Feng Liu, Wen Sun, Xiaofeng Li and 16 more. Cancer Cell, 2016

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Exosomes in cancer development, metastasis, and immunity (2019, background): “Exosomal long-non-coding RNA (lncRNA) mediated sunitinib drug resistance in renal cell carcinoma, since lncRNA competed for binding of miR-34 and miR-449 to their target RNAs, thereby increasing the expression of AXL and MET in sensitive cells to spread sunitinib resistance [80].”
Long Non-Coding RNA in the Pathogenesis of Cancers (2019, background): “Moreover, some lncRNAs can be transmitted to adjacent cells or serum through exosome trafficking [11].”
The biology, function, and biomedical applications of exosomes (2020, positive): “Specifically, an exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) called lncARSR [lncRNA activated in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with sunitinib resistance] binds competitively to miR-34 and miR-449 and enhances expression of the tyrosine kinases AXL and MET, overcoming the effect of sunitinib (173).”
Effect of exosomal miRNA on cancer biology and clinical applications (2018, background): “In addition, the abovementioned studies have found that Dicer and Ago2, the key components of miRNA processing, are functionally present in exosomes, suggesting that miRNA might not be the only cargo carried by EVs [18].”
Exosome Theranostics: Biology and Translational Medicine (2018, background): “In addition, exosomes can mediate the transfer of miRNA or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) to neighboring cells to alter biological phenotypes, such as drug resistance [120, 121].”