WFCAM, Spitzer/IRAC and SCUBA observations of the massive star-forming region DR21/W75 - I. The collimated molecular jets

By C. Davis, M.S.Nanda Kumar, G. Sandell, D. Froebrich, Michael D. Smith, M.J.Currie. 2006

158 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present wide-field near-infrared (IR) images of the DR21/W75 high-mass star-forming region, obtained with the Wide Field Camera (WFCAM) on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. Broad-band JHK and narrow-band H 2 1-0S(1) images are compared to archival mid-IR images from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and 850-μm dust-continuum maps obtained with the Submillimeter Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA). Together these data give a complete picture of dynamic star formation across this extensive region, which includes at least four separate star-forming sites in various stages of evolution. The H 2 data reveal knots and bow shocks associated with more than 50 individual flows. Most are well collimated, and at least five qualify as parsec-scale flows. Most appear to be driven by embedded, low-mass protostars. The orientations of the outflows, particularly from the few higher mass sources in the region (DR21, DR21(OH), W75N and ERO 1), show some degree of order, being preferentially orientated roughly orthogonal to the chain of dusty cores that runs north-south through DR21. Clustering may inhibit disc accretion and therefore the production of outflows; we certainly do not see enhanced outflow activity from clusters of protostars. Finally, although the low-mass protostellar outflows are abundant and widely distributed, the current generation does not provide sufficient momentum and kinetic energy to account for the observed turbulent motions in the DR21/W75 giant molecular clouds. Rather, multiple epochs of outflow activity are required over the million-year time-scale for turbulent decay.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84ed0d5d2b83a5f349983ddbaa603eaa812376d9

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Citations in the corpus

A CATALOG OF EXTENDED GREEN OBJECTS IN THE GLIMPSE SURVEY: A NEW SAMPLE OF MASSIVE YOUNG STELLAR OBJECT OUTFLOW CANDIDATES (2008, background): “Observationally, the extended 4.5 µm emission of the DR21 outflow has been 1We define MYSOs to be young stellar objects (YSOs) that will eventually become main-sequence O or early B type stars (M∗ & 8 M⊙).”
Dynamic star formation in the massive DR21 filament (2010, background): “N45 exhibits no SiO emission but is associated with an H2 jet (source A 3-1 in Davis et al. 2007), which is probably driven by a low- or intermediate-mass YSO (all H2-jets are marked with crosses in the plot).”
The earliest phases of high-mass star formation: a 3 square degree millimeter continuum mapping of Cygnus X (2007, background): “Small parts of the Cygnus X cloud complex have already been observed in (sub)millimeter continuum emission (e.g. Chandler et al. 1993a; Richer et al. 1993; Vallée & Fiege 2006; Davis et al. 2007).”
TADPOL: A 1.3 mm SURVEY OF DUST POLARIZATION IN STAR-FORMING CORES AND REGIONS (2013, background): “Infrared observations have identified several deeply embedded YSOs in the region (Kumar et al. 2007; Davis et al. 2007).”
The Bubbling Galactic Disk. II. The Inner 20° (2007, background): “…CH3OHmasers, location in infrared dark clouds (IRDCs), and coincidence with extended 4.5 m excess sources (believed to be produced by shocked H2 or possibly CO outflows fromYSOs as inferred from the positional coincidence with a few independently knownYSOs (Smith et al. 2006; Davis et al. 2007).”
A CLASS I AND CLASS II CH3OH MASER SURVEY OF EGOs FROM THE GLIMPSE SURVEY (2009, methodology): “In the massive DR21 outflow, comparison to ISO spectra and narrowband near-infrared (NIR) H 2 images support the interpretation of extended 4.5 µm emission as tracing shocked H 2 in the outflow (Smith et al. 2006; Davis et al. 2007, and references therein).”