A CLASS I AND CLASS II CH3OH MASER SURVEY OF EGOs FROM THE GLIMPSE SURVEY

By C. Cyganowski, C. Brogan, T. R. Hunter, E. Churchwell. 2009

189 citations recorded by the source corpus.

We present the results of a high angular resolution Very Large Array (VLA) Class I 44 GHz and Class II 6.7 GHz CH3OH maser survey of a sample of ∼20 massive young stellar object (MYSO) outflow candidates selected on the basis of extended 4.5 μm emission in Spitzer Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire images. These 4.5 μm selected candidates are referred to as extended green objects (EGOs), for the common coding of this band as green in three-color Infrared Array Camera images. The detection rate of 6.7 GHz Class II CH3OH masers, which are associated exclusively with massive YSOs, toward EGOs is ≳64%—nearly double the detection rate of surveys using other MYSO selection criteria. The detection rate of Class I 44 GHz CH3OH masers, which trace molecular outflows, is ∼89% toward EGOs associated with 6.7 GHz CH3OH masers. The two types of CH3OH masers exhibit different spatial distributions: 6.7 GHz masers are centrally concentrated and usually coincide with 24 μm emission, while 44 GHz masers are widely distributed and generally trace diffuse 4.5 μm features. We also present results of a complementary James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) single-pointing molecular line survey of EGOs in the outflow tracers HCO+(3–2) and SiO(5–4). The HCO+ line profiles and high SiO detection rate (90%) are indicative of the presence of active outflows. No 44 GHz continuum emission is detected at the 5 mJy beam−1 (5σ) level toward 95% of EGOs surveyed, excluding bright ultracompact H ii regions as powering sources for the 4.5 μm outflows. The results of our surveys constitute strong evidence that EGOs are young, massive YSOs, with active outflows, presumably powered by ongoing accretion.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a818ddd53193c8c0fcb713c037152982e3fc89d1

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Citations in the corpus

• The observed spiral structure of the Milky Way (2014, background): “Cyganowski et al. (2009) measured 18 methanol masers toward a sample of young stellar objects with the VLA.”
• Characterizing precursors to stellar clusters with Herschel (2011, background): “EGOs are regions of enhanced and extended 4.5 µm emission and are thought to be indicative of shocks in outflows (Cyganowski et al. 2009).”
• The 6-GHz methanol multibeam maser catalogue – II. Galactic longitudes 6° to 20° (2010, background): “11.936-0.616 This source is associated with an Extended Green Object (Cyganowski et al. 2009).”