Family Coronaviridae

By S. Payne. Viruses, 2017

330 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Members of the family Coronaviridae are large, enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses. They are the largest known RNA viruses, with genomes ranging from 25 to 32 kb and virions of 118–140 nm in diameter. The family is divided into two subfamilies, the Coronavirinae and the Torovirinae. They can be distinguished on the basis of their nucleocapsids as the toroviruses have unique doughnut-shaped nucleocapsids. Virions are roughly spherical and are notable for the large spike (S) glycoprotein that extends from the virus envelope. Current taxonomy places the family in the order Nidovirales. Within the subfamily Coronavirinae are four genera, the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and deltacoronaviruses. All family members share the same unique strategy for mRNA synthesis whereby the polymerase complex jumps or moves from one region of the template to a more distant region. The need for the polymerase complex to dissociate from the template may explain the high rate of RNA recombination that occurs during genome replication. Both the coronaviruses and toroviruses are enteric and respiratory tract pathogens, usually associated with only mild disease (or inapparent infection). However the human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus cause severe respiratory diseases.

Subfields: Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Infectious Diseases

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/84cc02a84c75f4c08399a0c19555989e90ab8b3f

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In Infectious Diseases

1. Marion Koopmans
2. Christian Drosten

Citations in the corpus

• Hosts and Sources of Endemic Human Coronaviruses (2018, background): “In some viral taxa including the CoVs, genetic distance criteria have been established, using data that at least partly consider the empirical capability of viral lineages to form viable recombinants (de Groot et al., 2012a, b).”
• Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR (2020, background): “The genome sequences suggest presence of a virus closely related to the members of a viral species termed severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related CoV, a species defined by the agent of the 2002/03 outbreak of SARS in humans [3,4].”
• Machine learning using intrinsic genomic signatures for rapid classification of novel pathogens: COVID-19 case study (2020, background): “After increases in the number of coronavirus genome sequences available following efforts to investigate the diversity in the wild, the family Coronaviridae now contains four genera (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, [6]).”