Representation of phase probability distributions for simplified combination of independent phase information

By W. Hendrickson, E. Lattman. 1970

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Towards automated crystallographic structure refinement with phenix.refine (2012, background): “…the number of test reflections, the presence of twinning and the availability of experimental phase information as Hendrickson–Lattman coefficients; Hendrickson & Lattman, 1970), specifying the atomic displacement parameters (isotropic or anisotropic), determining whether or not to add ordered…”
Crystal structures (2004, unknown): “…as a generalized von Mises distribution (Mardia & Jupp, 1999) and is better known in crystallography as a Hendrickson–Lattman distribution (Hendrickson & Lattman, 1970), Pð Þ ¼ N exp½A cosð Þ þ B sinð Þ þ C cosð2 Þ þD sinð2 Þ ; ð7Þ where A, B, C and D are coefficients of the Fourier…”
Recent developments in classical density modification (2010, unknown): “[The distributions are usually represented in terms of Hendrickson– Lattman coefficients (Hendrickson & Lattman, 1970) and so this multiplication is performed as a simple addition of coefficients.]”
Introduction to phasing (2010, background): “…for example, calculate such a probability from 0 to 360 in 10 intervals to produce a phase-probability distribution, the shape of which can be represented by four coeffi- cients of a polynominal: the so-called Hendrickson–Lattman coefficients HLA, HLB, HLC and HLD (Hendrickson & Lattman, 1970).”