Eta Squared, Partial Eta Squared, and Misreporting of Effect Size in Communication Research

By Timothy R. Levine, Craig R. Hullett. 2002

1,059 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Developmental and Educational Psychology, General Social Sciences, Management Science and Operations Research

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/841420a82be524a6d9e98b01504fd0b7fe8c626b

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In Developmental and Educational Psychology

In General Social Sciences

In Management Science and Operations Research

Citations in the corpus

Intelligent Agent Transparency in Human–Agent Teaming for Multi-UxV Management (2016, methodology): “We report effect sizes in terms of η 2 instead of partial η 2 as these can be more easily compared across studies (Levine & Hullett, 2002).”
MorePower 6.0 for ANOVA with relational confidence intervals and Bayesian analysis (2012, background): “In other words, η is the amount of unique variance explained by the effect of interest, divided by the proportion of variance unexplained by all of the other main and interaction effects in the design (Levine & Hullett, 2002).”
When power analyses based on pilot data are biased: Inaccurate effect size estimators and follow-up bias (2018, neutral): “For background reading on these (and other) indices, we refer to Levine and Hullett (2002), Okada (2013) and McGrath and Meyer (2006), and the references therein.”
The Business Communicator as Presence Allocator: Multicommunicating, Equivocality, and Status at Work (2007, methodology): “Following the advice of Levine and Hullett (2002), we calculated values for η2 rather than relying on software output.”
The Other Half of the Story: Effect Size Analysis in Quantitative Research (2013, background): “However, eta-squared is deemed by some as a better measure to report, because it describes the variance accounted for by the dependent measure (Levine and Hullett, 2002), which bears similarities to typical measures reported in correlational studies.”
Social relationships and reproductive state influence leadership roles in movements of plains zebra, Equus burchellii (2007, positive): “We determined the proportion of the variance explained by each factor by computing eta squared (h2): the ratio of the effect sum of squares over the total sum of squares ( Levine & Hullett 2002 ).”
Big data and tactical analysis in elite soccer: future challenges and opportunities for sports science (2016, background): “The Galaxy project is developed through a collaborative effort across several universities and provides a web-based solution to perform genomic research using big data technologies (Goecks et al. 2010; Levine and Hullett 2002; Ohmann et al. 2015).”
A Communication Researchers' Guide to Null Hypothesis Significance Testing and Alternatives. (2008, background): “There are good reasons, however, to avoid partial h2 because it is more likely to be misleading and less useful for meta-analysis (see Hullet & Levine, 2003; Levine & Hullett, 2002).”
Eta- and partial eta-squared in L2 research: A cautionary review and guide to more appropriate usage (2018, methodology): “First, in line with previous studies that have examined the reporting and interpreting of η2 effect sizes (Levine and Hullett, 2002; Pierce et al., 2004), we computed the sum of the η2 values for every multi-way design in papers that reported them (i.”
A Simple Method for Removing Bias From a Popular Measure of Standardized Effect Size: Adjusted Partial Eta Squared (2019, methodology): “First, the proposed method matches the well-established method that is used for regression: Mathematically, adj η p 2 is to η p 2 as adj R2 is to R2 (see Levine & Hullett, 2002).”
Researcher Bias: The Use of Machine Learning in Software Defect Prediction (2014, methodology): “As is conventional ([38], [40], [41], [42]) we construct the model in decreasing order of partial eta squared scores”