The Carbon and Global Warming Potential Impacts of Organic Farming: Does It Have a Significant Role in an Energy Constrained World?
By D. Lynch, R. MacRae, Ralph C. Martin. 2011
126 citations recorded by the source corpus.
About 130 studies were analyzed to compare farm-level energy use and global warming potential (GWP) of organic and conventional production sectors. Cross cutting issues such as tillage, compost, soil carbon sequestration and energy offsets were also reviewed. Finally, we contrasted E and GWP data from the wider food system. We concluded that the evidence strongly favours organic farming with respect to whole-farm energy use and energy efficiency both on a per hectare and per farm product basis, with the possible exception of poultry and fruit sectors. For GWP, evidence is insufficient except in a few sectors, with results per ha more consistently favouring organic farming than GWP per unit product. Tillage was consistently a negligible contributor to farm E use and additional tillage on organic farms does not appear to significantly deplete soil C. Energy offsets, biogas, energy crops and residues have a more limited role on organic farms compared to conventional ones, because of the nutrient and soil building uses of soil organic matter, and the high demand for organic foods in human markets. If farm E use represents 35% of total food chain E use, improvements shown of 20% or more in E efficiency through organic farm management would reduce food-chain E use by 7% or more. Among other food supply chain stages, wholesale/retail (including cooling and packaging) and processing often each contribute 30% or more to total food system E. Thus, additional improvements can be obtained with reduced processing, whole foods and food waste minimization.
Subfields: Ecology, Food Science, Plant Science
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/83a029616591945ab6760fcc340bcd905f85def4
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Citations in the corpus
- Organic Agriculture, Food Security, and the Environment (2018, background): “On the one hand, pesticide bans can increase women’s workload, as women are often heavily involved in labor-intensive activities such as weeding (Bolwig 2012, Lyon et al. 2010).”
- Synthesis, part of a Special Feature on A Social-Ecological Analysis of Diversified Farming Systems: Benefits, Costs, Obstacles, and Enabling Policy Frameworks Ecosystem Services in Biologically Diversified versus Conventional Farming Systems: Benefits, Externalities, and Trade-Offs (2012, background): “…been made to measure the global-warming potential of conventional and diversified farming systems by calculating relative energy use, energy-use efficiency, and the outputs of key greenhouse gasses including carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and/ or nitrous oxide (N 2 O) (Lynch et al. 2011).”
- Comparison of Twelve Organic and Conventional Farming Systems: A Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Perspective (2012, background): “Lindenthal et al. (2010) conducted a comparative LCA of dairy, poultry meat, eggs, bread, and vegetables in Austria, and found organic production to be consistently superior to conventional production on GHG emissions per kilogram of product.”