The brain has a body: adaptive behavior emerges from interactions of nervous system, body and environment.

By H. Chiel, Randall D. Beer. 1997

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Born to Learn: the Inspiration, Progress, and Future of Evolved Plastic Artificial Neural Networks (2017, background): “volution (Cliff et al., 1993; Floreano and Mondada, 1994, 1996; Urzelai and Floreano, 2000; Floreano and Nolﬁ, 2004). One important principle is the idea of evolving brains with body and environment (Chiel and Beer, 1997), in which intelligence is embodied because it emerges from the interaction of ”
A Hierarchy of Time-Scales and the Brain (2008, unknown): “Ontogenetically, there is good reason to believe that the brain learns regularities in the environment from exposure to sensory input and internally generated signals [1,2].”
Horizons for the Enactive Mind: Values, Social Interaction, and Play (2010, background): “On acquiring knowledge about people and the capacity to pretend: Response to Leslie (1987). Psychological Review 97 : 114 – 121 .”
The bodily basis of thought (2000, background): “The nervous system does not so much as direct behavior as shape the dynamics of the coupled system of brain, body, and environment (Chiel & Beer, 1997).”
Beyond the Grand Illusion: What Change Blindness Really Teaches Us About Vision (2000, methodology): “…Reed, & Mace, 1981; Turvey, Solomon, & Burton, 1989), by recent work on “animate” vision (Ballard, 1991, 1996; Ballard, Hayhoe, Pook, & Rao, 1997), and by the general trend in cognitive science towards an embodied, situated perspective on perception and cognition (Chiel & Beer, 1997; Clark, 1997).”
Mapping Information Flow in Sensorimotor Networks (2006, background): “In conclusion, our results highlight the fundamental importance of embodied interactions and body morphology in biological information processing, supporting a conceptual view of cognition that is based on the interplay between physical and information processes. In line with this view, most theorie”
The Phenomenological Mind (2007, unknown): “Comparative anatomy shows that the shape and relative locations of the ears, for example, allow us to determine the direction of a sound (Chiel and Beer 1997).”
Embodiment or envatment? Reflections on the bodily basis of consciousness (2010, background): “From an evolutionary perspective, brain and body are co-evolved structures that match one another’s properties through a history of adaptive phylogenetic changes in different species (Aboitiz 1990, 1996; Chiel and Beer 1997; Funes and Pollack 1998).”
A unified framework for addiction: Vulnerabilities in the decision process (2008, background): “, Chattopadhyay, A. & Ashworth, L. (2006) The importance and functional significance of affective cues in consumer choice.”
Defining Agency: Individuality, Normativity, Asymmetry, and Spatio-temporality in Action (2009, background): “The need to understand agents as brain–body–environment coupled dynamical systems has been repeatedly stressed (Beer, 1995, 2003; Chiel & Beer, 1997).”
Architecture for an Artificial Immune System (2000, background): “We follow Brooks and Flynn (1989) and others (HendriksJansen, 1996; Chiel and Beer, 1997) in believing that it is fruitless to design intelligent systems in complete isolation from the environments in which they exist.”
Moving a Rubber Hand that Feels Like Your Own: A Dissociation of Ownership and Agency (2012, unknown): “It has been argued in various fields, such as psychology, philosophy and cognitive science, that these particular experiences of one’s own body are of critical importance to the conscious experience of the self (Merlau-Ponty, 1945; Chiel and Beer, 1997; Gallagher, 2000, 2005; Churchland, 2002; Grazi”
How to Knit Your Own Markov Blanket (2017, methodology): “For example, citing Wiener’s Cybernetics (Wiener 1961), Maturana and Varela’s autopoesis (Varela et al. 1974), Chiel and Beer’s neuroethology (Chiel and Beer 1997), and Clark’s situatedness (Clark 1997), a leading group of situated roboticists write that: In this view, adaptive behavior can best be…”