Alcoholic liver disease.
By R. Brůha, K. Dvořák, Jaromír Petrtýl. World Journal of Hepatology, 2012
1,732 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Alcohol use disorders affect millions of individuals worldwide. Alcohol consumption is directly associated with liver disease mortality and accounts for elevated social and economic costs. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) may take the form of acute involvement (alcoholic hepatitis) or chronic liver disease (steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis). The severity and prognosis of alcohol-induced liver disease depends on the amount, pattern and duration of alcohol consumption, as well as on the presence of liver inflammation, diet, nutritional status and genetic predisposition of an individual. While steatosis is an almost completely benign disease, liver cirrhosis is associated with marked morbidity, mortality and life expectancy shortening. The median survival of patients with advanced cirrhosis is 1-2 years. Severe acute alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is associated with mortality as high as 50%. It has been managed with corticoids, pentoxifylline and enteral nutrition, although evidence based data are still conflicting. Some author suggest that pentoxifylline could be a better first-line treatment in patients with severe AH. Absolute abstinence is a basic condition for any treatment of acute or chronic ALD, the other therapeutical procedure being of a supportive nature and questionable significance. Acamprosate appears to be an effective treatment strategy for supporting continuous abstinence in alcohol dependent patients. Patients with advanced liver cirrhosis who demonstrably abstain can be considered for liver transplantation, which leads to a markedly prolonged life expectancy. The crucial step in ALD prevention is in the prevention of alcohol abuse, whereas the prevention of liver injury in active alcohol abusers is not clinically applicable.
Subfields: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Epidemiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine
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Citations in the corpus
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathology and pathogenesis. (2010, background): “Their large cell volume may be related to increased fluid in the cytosol (130), accumulated fat (131), or other factors.”
- EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Liver transplantation. (2016, neutral): “Journal of Hepatology 201 support [47].”
- Microbiota in health and diseases (2022, background): “ALD may take the form of chronic disease state (steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, or cirrhosis) or acute involvement (alcoholic hepatitis).(316) Cirrhosis is the end stage of all chronic liver diseases, characterized by tissue fibrosis and the transformation of normal liver architecture to abnor”
- Evaluation for liver transplantation in adults: 2013 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the American Society of Transplantation (2014, background): “A 6-month minimum period of abstinence is commonly enforced on the basis that this period allows addiction issues to be addressed, and in patients with recent alcohol consumption or acute alcoholic hepatitis, may allow for spontaneous recovery and obviate the need for LT as well as reduce the risk o”
- Individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) technology for assessing steatosis. (2017, neutral): “[3] O’Shea RS, Dasarathy S, McCullough AJ.”
- IL-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates inflammasome-dependent alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. (2012, methodology): “To reflect the clinical scenario in which most patients present with alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on established ALD (1), we first fed WT mice with Lieber-DeCarli ethanol or control diet for 2 weeks to allow development of ALD and then initiated i.”