Individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) technology for assessing steatosis.
By T. Karlas, D. Petroff, M. Sasso, Jian-Gao Fan, Y. Mi, V. de Lédinghen, Manoj Kumar, M. Lupșor-Platon, K. Han, A. Cardoso and 22 more. Journal of Hepatology, 2017
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BACKGROUND & AIMS The prevalence of fatty liver underscores the need for non-invasive characterization of steatosis, such as the ultrasound based controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Despite good diagnostic accuracy, clinical use of CAP is limited due to uncertainty regarding optimal cut-offs and the influence of covariates. We therefore conducted an individual patient data meta-analysis. METHODS A review of the literature identified studies containing histology verified CAP data (M probe, vibration controlled transient elastography with FibroScan®) for grading of steatosis (S0-S3). Receiver operating characteristic analysis after correcting for center effects was used as well as mixed models to test the impact of covariates on CAP. The primary outcome was establishing CAP cut-offs for distinguishing steatosis grades. RESULTS Data from 19/21 eligible papers were provided, comprising 3830/3968 (97%) of patients. Considering data overlap and exclusion criteria, 2735 patients were included in the final analysis (37% hepatitis B, 36% hepatitis C, 20% NAFLD/NASH, 7% other). Steatosis distribution was 51%/27%/16%/6% for S0/S1/S2/S3. CAP values in dB/m (95% CI) were influenced by several covariates with an estimated shift of 10 (4.5-17) for NAFLD/NASH patients, 10 (3.5-16) for diabetics and 4.4 (3.8-5.0) per BMI unit. Areas under the curves were 0.823 (0.809-0.837) and 0.865 (0.850-0.880) respectively. Optimal cut-offs were 248 (237-261) and 268 (257-284) for those above S0 and S1 respectively. CONCLUSIONS CAP provides a standardized non-invasive measure of hepatic steatosis. Prevalence, etiology, diabetes, and BMI deserve consideration when interpreting CAP. Longitudinal data are needed to demonstrate how CAP relates to clinical outcomes. LAY SUMMARY There is an increase in fatty liver for patients with chronic liver disease, linked to the epidemic of the obesity. Invasive liver biopsies are considered the best means of diagnosing fatty liver. The ultrasound based controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) can be used instead, but factors such as the underlying disease, BMI and diabetes must be taken into account. Registration: Prospero CRD42015027238.
Subfields: Epidemiology, Physiology
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/51992afd02b0cbfc9bbf0f23e02e8024fda24617
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In Epidemiology
Citations in the corpus
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a review of pathophysiology, clinical management and effects of weight loss (2022, methodology): “A meta-analysis of 19 biopsy-controlled studies including over 2700 patients, the optimal cut-off value for steatosis grade > S0 was 248 dB/m (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 237-261) and for steatosis grade > S1 was 268 dB/m (95% CI 257-284) [40].”
- Easl Clinical Practice Guidelines (Cpgs) On Non-Invasive Tests For Evaluation Of Liver Disease Severity And Prognosis- 2020 Update. (2021, background): “In the first individual data meta-analysis [117] published (n=19 studies in 2735 patients (537 with NAFLD; 19.”
- The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review (2023, methodology): “Additionally, we provided the prevalence rate of NAFLD according to different CAP cutoff scores since currently there is no consensus of the appropriate CAP cutoff score for NAFLD.[41] In this context, the higher the CAP score to establish diagnosis of NAFLD, the lower the NAFLD prevalence rate.”