Digital labor: the internet as playground and factory

By Andreas Wittel. 2014

339 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/82a46f5cc195b5fc07f4caed696261e3768ecd6f

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In Sociology and Political Science

Citations in the corpus

Between autonomy and control: Strategies of arbitrage in the “on-demand” economy (2018, background): “…that the flexibility of “gig work” offers (De Stefano, 2016), connecting Web 2.0 ideologies of labor with service work (Gregg, 2011; Huws, 2016; Scholz, 2013).4 In practice, however, flexibility in the ondemand economy is specific to two primary functions: workers’ ability to self-schedule…”
Digital prosumption labour on social media in the context of the capitalist regime of time (2014, background): “In this context, the notion of ‘digital labour’ (Burston et al., 2010; Scholz, 2013) has emerged.”
Eyes Wide Open: Perceived Exploitation and Its Consequences (2019, background): “Similarly, Scholz (2012) described the various degrees of exploitation of workers in today’s digital industries: working long hours as a contractor and so not being covered by employment law protections, having no job security, organizations unilaterally cutting benefits or compensation, and other…”
When data is capital: Datafication, accumulation, and extraction (2019, neutral): “These companies are accumulating billions of dollars in surplus value from the ‘digital labour’ done by people (Scholz, 2012), while paying little to nothing in return.”
Digital labour and development: impacts of global digital labour platforms and the gig economy on worker livelihoods (2017, background): “While the empirical evidence about the livelihood effects of digital work are still thin on the ground (a notable exception is Scholz, 2013), there is already a rich body of work pointing to challenges associated with the growth of precarious work more broadly in the wider economy (Kalleberg, 2009;…”
Exercise as Labour: Quantified Self and the Transformation of Exercise into Labour (2014, neutral): ““the cumulative hours of accessing the site (thus generating advertising), writing messages, participating in conversations and sometimes making the jump to collaborators” [33] (p.”
Algorithms at Work: The New Contested Terrain of Control (2020, background): “Activists have argued in favor of giving people ownership of their digital data and in favor of treating data as a form of labor that needs to be compensated (Arrieta-Ibarra, Goff, JiménezHernández, Lanier, &Weyl, 2018; Scholz, 2012).”
Algorithmic Labor and Information Asymmetries: A Case Study of Uber’s Drivers (2016, neutral): “Scholz (2013) along with the contributors to the volume Digital Labor: The Internet as Playground and Factory lay out a range and diversity of questions surrounding digitally mediated labor and new models of production and consumption.”
The “sharing” economy: labor, inequality, and social connection on for‐profit platforms (2017, background): “The platforms raise the issue of the restructuring of labor relations in a neoliberal era, particularly in terms of rising precarity and the risk shift from firms to workers (Hacker, 2008; Kalleberg, 2013; Scholz, 2013; Standing, 2011).”
The Passions and the Interests: Unpacking the 'Sharing Economy' (2016, background): “xxxiv Very critical and pessimistic observers have defined crowd employment platforms as the new sweatshops (Uddin, 2012; Zittrain, 2009), and analysed them as new forms of encroachment and exploitation of labour (Carr, 2008; Deuze, 2007), underpaid free work (Kleemann et al., 2008; Scholz, 2013), a”
The Good, The Bad and the Ugly: Why Crowdsourcing Needs Ethics (2013, background): “It has the potential for collaborative problem solving and contributions to the commons of unprecedented scale, but it also completely undermines hard earned and fought for standards of fair labour [5].”
Amazon’s Mechanical Turk a Digital Sweatshop? Transparency and Accountability in Crowdsourced Online Research (2016, background): “Crowdsourcing sites like MTurk operate simultaneously as a utility (they provide a service) and a business (they strive to keep costs down and profits up), which led Scholz (2012) to be among the first to describe them as a digital sweatshop.”