Environmental Factors Associated with Spectator Attendance and Sport Consumption Behavior: Gender and Team Differences

By J. Fink, Galen T. Trail, D. Anderson. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2002

249 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Sport spectating is a popular leisure activity in the United States; however, the study of sport spectator consumption behavior has been limited. The current study examines the differences that exist between genders and between spectators at men's and women's intercollegiate basketball games regarding several categories of dependent variables. The three categories were (a) environmental factors associated with game attendance (ticket pricing, friends, family, and promotions), (b) present behavior of spectators (merchandise consumption, media consumption, and wearing of team paraphernalia), and (c) future behavior of fans (continued loyalty, future attendance, and future merchandise consumption). Data were collected from spectators at two men's (n = 531) and two women's (n = 751) intercollegiate home basketball games. Multivariate analysis of variance results for the main effects of team gender and spectator gender were significant, while the interaction effect was not. Fewer gender differences were found (5 of 12) compared to the number of gen-der-of-team differences (10 of 12) when univariate results were examined. Results are discussed in detail, and implications for practice and for future research are suggested.

Subfields: Economics and Econometrics, Gender Studies, Sociology and Political Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/8217d96baecc7ae98016aeb299527a8d57df8740

How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Economics and Econometrics

In Gender Studies

In Sociology and Political Science

Citations in the corpus

The Travelling Fan: Understanding the Mechanisms of Sport Fan Consumption in a Sport Tourism Setting (2007, background): “While winning can provide a sense of personal worth, sport consumers are also prepared to pay in order to experience excellence (Bilyeu & Wann, 2002; Fink et al., 2002a; Smith et al., 1981).”
Looking at Gender Differences through the Lens of Sport Spectators (2006, unknown): “Similar to other studies (e.g., Fink, et al., 2002; James & Ridinger, 2002; Kahle, et al., 2001) several significant differences based on Team-Gender were found.”
Constraints and Motivators: A New Model to Explain Sport Consumer Behavior (2010, methodology): “Fizel and Bennett (1989) found that if the game was broadcast on television or radio, it might deter people from going to the venue. Hansen and Gauthier (1989) and Zhang, Pease, Hui, and Michaud (1995) reported that game schedule negatively influenced attendance as well.”
An Analysis of Spectator Motives in an Individual Combat Sport: A Study of Mixed Martial Arts Fans (2008, unknown): “Based on the results of the pilot study, three media consumption items (adapted from Fink, Trail, & Anderson, 2002) were incorporated in the present study.”
Testing Models of Motives and Points of Attachment among Spectators in College Football (2009, unknown): “Although many researchers use different motives when examining spectators’ consumption behaviors, most researchers have only focused on team identification when discussing points of attachment (e.g., James & Ross, 2002; Trail & James, 2001; Fink et al., 2002a).”
Gender and Sex Diversity in Sport Organizations: Introduction to a Special Issue (2008, background): “loyal to the team in the future (Fink et al. 2002).”
eSport vs. Sport: A Comparison of Spectator Motives (2018, unknown): “Behavioral outcomes such as game attendance frequency are important for sport marketers, as spectator behavior is a significant component of revenue production (Fink et al., 2002).”
What is eSports and why do people watch it? (2017, background): “The MSSC has gone through some revisions, and has resulted in current variations which commonly consist of eight to ten constructs (Fink et al., 2002; Trail et al., 2000; Trail and James, 2001), including vicarious achievement, aesthetics of sport, drama of sport, watching sports as a means to…”
Consumer Satisfaction and Identity Theory: A Model of Sport Spectator Conative Loyalty (2005, unknown): “…characteristics has also been shown to nominally influence return intentions (Chang, 2000; Trail et al., 2002) and males and females have been shown to differ on consumption behaviors such as media consumption, mer-chandise consumption, and wearing of paraphernalia (Fink, Trail, & Anderson, 2002b).”
Motives and Points of Attachment: Fans versus Spectators in Intercollegiate Athletics (2003, unknown): “The correlation coefficients of the motives in Fink et al. (2002b) and Funk et al. (2001; 2002) varied considerably; that is, some of the motives were more highly correlated with each other than others.”