Systematic Review: An Evaluation of Major Commercial Weight Loss Programs in the United States

By A. Tsai, T. Wadden. Annals of Internal Medicine, 2005

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Systematic review of reviews of intervention components associated with increased effectiveness in dietary and physical activity interventions (2011, background): “Medium to low quality evidence from three analyses in three reviews (one medium quality, two low quality) showed a positive association between the total number of contacts and weight loss at 12 to 38 months [46,50,57].”
Theoretical explanations for maintenance of behaviour change: a systematic review of behaviour theories (2016, background): “Relapse rates are high for individuals who join weight loss programmes (Tsai & Wadden, 2005); initiate smoking cessation attempts (Carpenter et al., 2013; Hughes, Keely, & Naud, 2004); try to reduce alcohol consumption (Moos & Moos, 2006) or make attempts to stop sexual risk behaviours (Kelly,…”
Lipoprotein lipase: from gene to obesity. (2009, background): “Because weight loss is not only difficult to achieve but more difficult to sustain long term (46; 158; 263), mechanisms must exist to defend the expanded fat mass.”