A meta-analysis of the effects of cell phones on driver performance.

By J. Caird, C. Willness, Piers Steel, C. Scialfa. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2008

671 citations recorded by the source corpus.

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The Mere Presence of a Cell Phone May be Distracting (2014, background): “And, at least for driving, performance deficits are not reduced with more experience (Cooper & Strayer, 2008) and are evident even with the use of hands-free cell phones (Caird et al., 2008; Strayer & Drews, 2007) or voice-to-text capability (Yager, 2013).”
The Effects of Text Messaging on Young Drivers (2009, result): “…detect significant effects of text messaging on drivers’ ability to detect and respond to hazards was also in contrast to previous studies that have consistently shown that cell phone conversations negatively affect reaction times to unexpected events (Caird et al., 2008; Horrey & Wickens, 2006).”
The impact of a naturalistic hands-free cellular phone task on heart rate and simulated driving performance in two age groups (2011, background): “Although, as Caird et al. (2008) point out, not all of the work on the dangers of using cell phones while driving is consistent and the extent to which the risks change with age, conversation type, etc. has not been fully characterized.”