Insertion of microneedles into skin: measurement and prediction of insertion force and needle fracture force.

By Shawn P. Davis, Benjamin Landis, Z. Adams, Mark G. Allen, Mark R. Prausnitz. Journal of Biomechanics, 2004

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Microneedle technologies for (trans)dermal drug and vaccine delivery. (2012, background): “, larger tip diameters need higher insertion forces [61].”
Hollow metal microneedles for insulin delivery to diabetic rats (2005, methodology): “Using methods described previously [ 18 ], the force required to insert a microneedle into the skin and the force require to fracture a microneedle were measured and compared.”
Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery (2012, background): “While solid metal microneedles tend to be very strong, hollow microneedles are susceptible to fracture if not designed properly [322], whereas polymer microneedles have mostly been shown to fail by plastic deformation [44, 201, 323].”
Dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. (2008, neutral): “, Elgin, IL, USA), as described previously [12].”
Microneedle-based drug delivery systems: Microfabrication, drug delivery, and safety (2010, neutral): “Major factors accountable for MN performance are type of material, needle height, tip-radius, base diameter, needle geometry, needle thickness, and needle density, which, in turn, determine the overall insertion and fracture force of the MN (Davis et al., 2004).”
Application of Micro- and Nano-Electromechanical Devices to Drug Delivery (2006, background): “These results indicate the feasibility of fabricating microneedles with robust mechanical properties (68).”