The Central Nervous System and the Gut Microbiome

By G. Sharon, T. Sampson, Daniel H. Geschwind, S. Mazmanian. Cell, 2016

1,290 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Summary Neurodevelopment is a complex process governed by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals. While historically studied by researching the brain, inputs from the periphery impact many neurological conditions. Indeed, emerging data suggests communication between the gut and the brain in anxiety, depression, cognition and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The development of a healthy, functional brain depends on key pre- and post-natal events that integrate environmental cues, such as molecular signals from the gut. These cues largely originate from the microbiome, the consortium of symbiotic bacteria that reside within all animals. Research over the past few years reveals that the gut microbiome plays a role in basic neurogenerative processes such as the formation of the blood-brain-barrier, myelination, neurogenesis, and microglia maturation, and also modulates many aspects of animal behavior. Herein, we discuss the biological intersection of neurodevelopment and the microbiome, and explore the hypothesis that gut bacteria are integral contributors to development and function of the nervous system, and the balance between mental health and disease.

Subfields: Biological Psychiatry, Molecular Biology, Social Psychology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/7bb11be31e7f534cb591760aeb939cd84b4b45ac

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Citations in the corpus

A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward. (2018, neutral): “These include anxiety, depression, cognition, and reinforcement (Bohorquez and Liddle, 2015; Clemmensen et al., 2017; de Araujo et al., 2012; Mayer, 2011; Sharon et al., 2016).”
Mechanisms underlying microbial-mediated changes in social behavior in mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorder (2018, positive): “During these early developmental periods, environmental factors can change the microbial composition of the host, and affect brain physiology and function via the so-called gut-microbiota-brain axis (Borre et al., 2014; Sharon et al., 2016; Vuong et al., 2017).”
Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease (2020, background): “Among these, molecular signals originating from the gut microbiome may play prominent roles in modulating brain cell function.(238) Microglia are among the primary innate immune cells in the CNS, and are instrumental in CNS immune defense and contribute to brain development and homeostasis.”
Impact of microbiota on central nervous system and neurological diseases: the gut-brain axis (2019, background): “A notable role of human digestive system in brain development has been proposed [15, 50].”