Laser Processing of Engineering Materials: Principles, Procedure and Industrial Application

By J. Ion. 2005

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Processing AlSi10Mg by selective laser melting: Parameter optimisation and material characterisation (2015, background): “The laser melting phenomenon transitions from so called ‘conduction mode’ into ‘keyhole mode’ as similarly known and used in laser welding.(15) When the laser intensity is sufficiently high, a deep penetrating vapor cavity is formed inside the melt pool.”
3D printing of Aluminium alloys: Additive Manufacturing of Aluminium alloys using selective laser melting (2019, background): “When a laser beam is directed at a block of metal, depending on the melting mode (conduction or keyhole) a cavity can be created by ablation and plasma formation, which is surrounded by the molten material [118].”
Fine-structured aluminium products with controllable texture by selective laser melting of pre-alloyed AlSi10Mg powder (2013, background): “Since the keyhole equilibrium is very sensitive [14] and the transient character of the temperature evolution at the start/end points, the keyhole becomes easily unstable and”