A Flat World, a Level Playing Field, a Small World After All, or None of the Above? A Review of Thomas L Friedman's The World is Flat

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What Separates Us? Sources of Resistance to Globalization (2013, unknown): “Distance effects: why won’t the world flatten? Leamer (2007) expresses considerable frustration over Friedman’s ‘flat world’ metaphor, whose meaning Leamer diplomatically describes as ‘elusive.”
What Can Be Learned from Spatial Economics? (2019, unknown): “Yet, for a long time, trade theory focused on an extremely strange geography with countries that are close enough for the cost of shipping goods internationally to be zero, but distant enough for no workers or capital owners to find their way from one country to the other (Leamer 2007).”
Can Innovation Help U.S. Manufacturing Firms Escape Import Competition from China? (2015, background): “Only firms that have invested in R&D and upgraded product quality are able to compete successfully against low-cost imports (e.g., Leamer (2007)).”
The Puzzling Persistence of the Distance Effect on Bilateral Trade (2008, unknown): “Leamer and Levinsohn (1995) mention two early studies and then claim that “these and many subsequent studies have found a distance elasticity of about 0.”