Prosecutorial Discretion: An Examination of Substantial Assistance Departures in Federal Crack‐Cocaine and Powder‐Cocaine Cases

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A Multilevel Test of Minority Threat Effects on Sentencing (2010, background): “More recently, sentencing research has moved in a new direction, focusing on whether sentencing outcomes vary across jurisdictions and how contextual factors may affect individual-level sentencing decisions ( Hartley et al. 2007 ).”
Race and Cumulative Discrimination in the Prosecution of Criminal Defendants (2013, background): “Thus, although both judges and prosecutors rely on factors such as the perceived dangerousness of the defendant and the degree of harm inflicted, the practical concern of likelihood of conviction rather than the cost associated with punishment tends to influence prosecutors (Hartley et al., 2007).”
Recent Developments and New Directions in Sentencing Research (2012, background): “Hartley, Maddan, and Spohn ( 2007 ) examined prosecutorial discretion in decisions to file motions for substantial assistance guideline departures in federal court crack and powder cocaine sentences in 2000.”