Risk of Nonaccidental and Cardiovascular Mortality in Relation to Long-term Exposure to Low Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter: A Canadian National-Level Cohort Study

By Dan Lawson Crouse, P. Peters, A. van Donkelaar, M. Goldberg, P. Villeneuve, Orly Brion, Saeeda Khan, D. O. Atari, Michael Jerrett, C. Pope and 5 more. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2012

613 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Background: Few cohort studies have evaluated the risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to fine particulate matter [≤ 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)]. This is the first national-level cohort study to investigate these risks in Canada. Objective: We investigated the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality in nonimmigrant Canadian adults. Methods: We assigned estimates of exposure to ambient PM2.5 derived from satellite observations to a cohort of 2.1 million Canadian adults who in 1991 were among the 20% of the population mandated to provide detailed census data. We identified deaths occurring between 1991 and 2001 through record linkage. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for available individual-level and contextual covariates using both standard Cox proportional survival models and nested, spatial random-effects survival models. Results: Using standard Cox models, we calculated HRs of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.16) from nonaccidental causes and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.35) from ischemic heart disease for each 10-μg/m3 increase in concentrations of PM2.5. Using spatial random-effects models controlling for the same variables, we calculated HRs of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.15) and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.18, 1.43), respectively. We found similar associations between nonaccidental mortality and PM2.5 based on satellite-derived estimates and ground-based measurements in a subanalysis of subjects in 11 cities. Conclusions: In this large national cohort of nonimmigrant Canadians, mortality was associated with long-term exposure to PM2.5. Associations were observed with exposures to PM2.5 at concentrations that were predominantly lower (mean, 8.7 μg/m3; interquartile range, 6.2 μg/m3) than those reported previously.

Subfields: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/79b4262fb30e586002d98a4024d5f1a083f1bc15

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In Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

1. Frank J. Kelly
2. J. Fussell
3. Annette Peters
4. M. Brauer
5. Gerard Hoek
6. Yaron Ogen

Citations in the corpus

• Satellite-Based Spatiotemporal Trends in PM2.5 Concentrations: China, 2004–2013 (2015, background): “192 volume 124 | number 2 | February 2016 • Environmental Health Perspectives (Brauer et al. 2012; Crouse et al. 2012; Madrigano et al. 2013), our model predictions could greatly enhance research on long-term PM2.”
• Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review (2013, result): “Furthermore, effect estimates from the three large population cohorts without individual smoking data [26,34,38] were not higher than those from the individual cohort studies.”
• Use of Satellite Observations for Long-Term Exposure Assessment of Global Concentrations of Fine Particulate Matter (2014, background): “…WHO 2014), for environmental performance indicators (Environmental Performance Index 2014), and for epidemiologic studies of air pollution health effects at global (Anderson et al. 2012; Fleischer et al. 2014) and regional (Chudnovsky et al. 2013; Crouse et al. 2012; Vinneau et al. 2013) scales.”
• Estimating Ground‐Level PM2.5 by Fusing Satellite and Station Observations: A Geo‐Intelligent Deep Learning Approach (2017, background): “PM 2.5 (particulate matter), with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μ m, is associated with many adverse health effects, such as respiratory problems and cardiovascular disease (Bartell et al., 2013; Brauer et al., 2012; Crouse et al., 2012).”
• Air pollution and public health: emerging hazards and improved understanding of risk (2015, background): “…this association, including effects observed at lower concentrations (mean 8.7 lg/m3; interquartile range 6.2 lg/m3), whilst the emerging multicity cities have confirmed previously reported increases in daily mortality (Ostro et al. 2006; Naess et al. 2007; Crouse et al. 2012; Meister et al. 2012).”