Long-term air pollution exposure and cardio- respiratory mortality: a review
By Gerard Hoek, Ranjini M. Krishnan, R. Beelen, Annette Peters, B. Ostro, B. Brunekreef, J. Kaufman. Environmental Health, 2013
1,675 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Current day concentrations of ambient air pollution have been associated with a range of adverse health effects, particularly mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. In this review, we summarize the evidence from epidemiological studies on long-term exposure to fine and coarse particles, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and elemental carbon on mortality from all-causes, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. We also summarize the findings on potentially susceptible subgroups across studies. We identified studies through a search in the databases Medline and Scopus and previous reviews until January 2013 and performed a meta-analysis if more than five studies were available for the same exposure metric.There is a significant number of new studies on long-term air pollution exposure, covering a wider geographic area, including Asia. These recent studies support associations found in previous cohort studies on PM2.5. The pooled effect estimate expressed as excess risk per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure was 6% (95% CI 4, 8%) for all-cause and 11% (95% CI 5, 16%) for cardiovascular mortality. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was more associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease (particularly ischemic heart disease) than from non-malignant respiratory diseases (pooled estimate 3% (95% CI −6, 13%)). Significant heterogeneity in PM2.5 effect estimates was found across studies, likely related to differences in particle composition, infiltration of particles indoors, population characteristics and methodological differences in exposure assessment and confounder control. All-cause mortality was significantly associated with elemental carbon (pooled estimate per 1 μg/m3 6% (95% CI 5, 7%)) and NO2 (pooled estimate per 10 μg/m3 5% (95% CI 3, 8%)), both markers of combustion sources. There was little evidence for an association between long term coarse particulate matter exposure and mortality, possibly due to the small number of studies and limitations in exposure assessment. Across studies, there was little evidence for a stronger association among women compared to men. In subjects with lower education and obese subjects a larger effect estimate for mortality related to fine PM was found, though the evidence for differences related to education has been weakened in more recent studies.
Subfields: Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/31ffb64a98e20e47375d63b1317ce615f1bd9fba
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Citations in the corpus
- Residential green spaces and mortality: A systematic review. (2016, background): “…in greener areas) (Gidlöf-Gunnarsson and Öhrström, 2007; Selander et al., 2009; Basagaña et al., 2011; Uejio et al., 2011; Dadvand et al., 2012; Hoek et al., 2013; Rook, 2013; Dzhambov and Dimitrova, 2014), c) the opportunity to perform physical activity (Shanahan et al., 2015; Wolf and…”
- Evaluation of PM2.5 measured in an urban setting using a low-cost optical particle counter and a Federal Equivalent Method Beta Attenuation Monitor (2020, background): “Research often concentrates on the health effects of poor air quality at the population scale (Ebenstein et al. 2017; Hoek et al. 2013) to motivate a regulatory framework to manage the permitting of stationary and mobile sources of pollution (Berger et al. 2017).”
- Cardiovascular effects of air pollution (2017, background): “[5] Hoek G, Krishnan RM, Beelen R, et al.”
- Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China at a city level (2015, background): “Hoek et al. (2013) estimated that an increase of 10 μ g/m3 in long-term PM2.”
- Data integration model for air quality: a hierarchical approach to the global estimation of exposures to ambient air pollution (2016, background): “Ambient air pollution poses a significant threat to global health and has been associated with a range of adverse health effects, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in addition to some cancers (Brook et al., 2010; Hoek et al., 2013; Loomis et al., 2013; Newby et al., 2015; Sava and Ca”
- Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality (2020, background): “High NO2 concentration is significantly associated with respiratory mortality (Beelen et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2007; Hoek et al., 2013) and is also responsible for generating some harmful secondary pollutants such as nitric acid (HNO3) and ozone (O3) (Khoder, 2002).”