TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES OF MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGIONS. I. S 252 & G232.6+1.0

By M. Reid, K. Menten, A. Brunthaler, X. Zheng, L. Moscadelli, Ye Xu. 2008

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We are conducting a large program with the NRAO Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) to measure trigonometric parallaxes of massive star-forming regions across the Milky Way. Here we report measurement of the parallax and proper motion of methanol masers in S 252 and G232.6+1.0. The parallax of S 252 is 0.476 ± 0.006 mas (2.10+0.027−0.026 kpc), placing it in the Perseus spiral arm. The parallax of G232.6+1.0 is 0.596 ± 0.035 mas (1.68+0.11−0.09 kpc), placing it between the Carina–Sagittarius and Perseus arms, possibly in a Local (Orion) spur of the Carina–Sagittarius arm. For both sources, kinematic distances are significantly greater than their parallax distances. Our parallaxes and proper motions yield full space motions accurate to ≈1 km s−1. Both sources orbit the Galaxy ∼13 km s−1 slower than circular rotation.

Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/799103ad72e899f2a5b6354a61d0055e6f6188e7

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Citations in the corpus

Trigonometric Parallaxes of High-mass Star-forming Regions: Our View of the Milky Way (2019, background): “A trigonometric parallax measurement of water masers from Sgr B2, a massive star-forming region within »100 pc of the Galactic center, indicates = R 7.9 0.8 kpc0 (Reid et al. 2009c).”
ON THE NATURE OF THE LOCAL SPIRAL ARM OF THE MILKY WAY (2013, background): “Details of these calculations are given in the Appendix of Reid et al. (2009b).”
THE MEGAMASER COSMOLOGY PROJECT. III. ACCURATE MASSES OF SEVEN SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES IN ACTIVE GALAXIES WITH CIRCUMNUCLEAR MEGAMASER DISKS (2010, methodology): “In both types of observations, we placed “geodetic” blocks at the beginning and end of the observations to solve for atmosphere and clock delay residuals for each antenna (Reid et al. 2009b).”
TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES OF MASSIVE STAR-FORMING REGIONS. VI. GALACTIC STRUCTURE, FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS, AND NONCIRCULAR MOTIONS (2009, methodology): “…for 12 GHz methanol (CH3OH) masers toward 10 HMSFRs, carried out with the VLBA (program BR100), are reported in the first five papers in this series (Reid et al. 2009; Moscadelli et al. 2009; Xu et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009; Brunthaler et al. 2009), hereafter Papers I through V, respectively.”
Microarcsecond Radio Astrometry (2013, methodology): “Over 100 distances to high-mass star forming regions have been measured using the astronomical “gold standard” technique of trigonometric parallax (see Reid et al. (2009b); Honma et al. (2012); Reid et al. (2014) and references therein).”
TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAXES OF HIGH MASS STAR FORMING REGIONS: THE STRUCTURE AND KINEMATICS OF THE MILKY WAY (2014, methodology): “The Bovy et al. (2009) re-analysis of our preliminary data employed a different ap- proach than that of Reid et al. (2009b).”
The big problems in star formation: The star formation rate, stellar clustering, and the initial mass function (2014, background): “Moreover, the stars are all at nearly the same distance, and for at least some clusters this distance is known quite precisely from interferometrybased parallaxes to radio-flare stars (e.g., Hirota et al. 2007; Sandstrom et al. 2007; Menten et al. 2007; Reid et al. 2009).”
The observed spiral structure of the Milky Way (2014, methodology): “A flat rotation curve (Reid et al. 2009b, 2014; Brunthaler et al. 2011) and the rotation curve of Brand & Blitz (1993, hereafter BB93) are adopted in calculating the kinematic distances.”
THE WISE CATALOG OF GALACTIC H ii REGIONS (2013, methodology): “…et al. 2007; (19) Moellenbrock et al. 2009; (20) Moscadelli et al. 2009; (21) Niinuma et al. 2011; (22) Oh et al. 2010; (23) Reid et al. 2009a; (24) Reid et al. 2009c; (25) Rygl et al. 2010; (26) Rygl et al. 2012; (27) Sanna et al. 2009; (28) Sanna et al. 2012; (29) Sato et al. 2008; (30) Sato…”
Fundamental Parameters of the Milky Way Galaxy Based on VLBI Astrometry (2012, methodology): “If Vˇ = 5.25 km s 1 is adopted to this relation, the star-forming regions lag behind the Galactic rotation by 14 km s 1, confirming the earlier suggestion by Reid et al. (2009b).”
The Bar and Spiral Structure Legacy (BeSSeL) Survey: Mapping the Milky Way with VLBI Astrometry† (2011, methodology): “A description that takes into account these two effects and gives (in general) more accurate kinematic distances, and a more realistic distance uncertainty estimate is also presented in Reid et al. (2009b).”
A TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAX OF Sgr B2 (2009, methodology): “Calibration of the interferometer data was done with the Astronomical Image Processing System (AIPS) in a manner described by Reid et al. (2009a) for methanol maser parallaxes.”
Parallaxes and proper motions of interstellar masers toward the Cygnus X star-forming complex. I. Membership of the Cygnus X region (2011, methodology): “It seems that most of the star-forming gas is moving with the same Galactic orbital velocity, lagging some 9 km s−1 behind circular orbits, as found by most parallax studies of massive SFRs (e.g., Reid et al. 2009b) after taking the revised Solar motion intoaccount (Schönrich et al. 2010).”
A PARALLAX DISTANCE TO THE MICROQUASAR GRS 1915+105 AND A REVISED ESTIMATE OF ITS BLACK HOLE MASS (2014, methodology): “Details of the calibration of astrometric VLBA data are given in Reid et al. (2009).”
THE TRIGONOMETRIC PARALLAX OF CYGNUS X-1 (2011, methodology): “In order to calibrate atmospheric propagation delays, we scheduled “geodetic blocks” consisting of typically a dozen ICRF sources (Fey et al. 2004) observed over a wide range of source azimuths and elevations as described in Reid et al. (2009a).”