Financial cost of social exclusion: follow up study of antisocial children into adulthood

By Stephen Scott, Martin Knapp, J. Henderson, B. Maughan. British medical journal, 2001

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The SNAP™ Under 12 Outreach Project: Effects of a Community Based Program for Children with Conduct Problems (2007, background): “Left untreated, direct system costs of children with conduct disorder have been estimated in one recent study ( Scott, Knapp, Henderson, & Maughan, 2004 ) to be three times higher than children with conduct problems, and ten times higher than children with no such problems, with the largest proporti”
Child and adolescent mental disorders: the magnitude of the problem across the globe. (2008, background): “Children with depression, ADHD and conduct disorder have higher rates of health care utilization (Hankin et al., 1998; Scott et al., 2001; Romeo, Byford, & Knapp, 2005).”
Trajectories of Prosocial Behavior and Physical Aggression in Middle Childhood: Links to Adolescent School Dropout and Physical Violence (2006, background): “Generally, the development of antisocial behavior has been the object of much more research than has prosociality, probably because of the obvious individual and social costs of this behavior (e.g., Coie & Dodge, 1998; Scott, Knapp, Henderson, & Maughan, 2001; Serbin et al., 1998).”
Evidence for substantial genetic risk for psychopathy in 7-year-olds. (2005, background): “Such individuals can be 10 times more costly to the society than the average citizen ( Scott, Knapp, Henderson, & Maughan, 2001 ).”