Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses.

By Sun-Woo Yoon, R. Webby, R. Webster. 1992

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A perspective on the structural and functional constraints for immune evasion: insights from the influenza virus (2017, background): “The main natural reservoir for influenza A viruses are wild aquatic birds, but domestic poultry also become infected and hence harbor influenza A viruses [5, 6].”
Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, background): “Influenza viruses reassort (Webster et al., 1992) but they do not undergo homologous recombination within RNA segments (Boni et al., 2008, 2010), meaning that ‘origins’ questions for influenza outbreaks can always be reduced to origins questions for each of influenza’s eight RNA segments.”
Viral Phylodynamics (2013, background): “Influenza in aquatic birds is hypothesized to exhibit ‘‘evolutionary stasis’’ [58], although recent phylogenetic work indicates that the rate of evolutionary change in these hosts is similar to those in other hosts, including humans [59].”
Surveillance of wild birds for avian influenza virus in Korea (2013, unknown): “(NS)1 and NS2 등 polymerase 단백질들을 발현한다 [48].”
Influenza (2018, background): “There are 16 types of hemagglutinin (H1–H16) and nine types of neuraminidase (N1–N9) and all have been found circulating in wild and domestic birds (14).”