Lateral relocation of auxin efflux regulator PIN3 mediates tropism in Arabidopsis

By Jir□í Friml, J. Wiśniewska, E. Benková, K. Mendgen, Klaus Palme. Nature, 2002

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Long-standing models propose that plant growth responses to light or gravity are mediated by asymmetric distribution of the phytohormone auxin. Physiological studies implicated a specific transport system that relocates auxin laterally, thereby effecting differential growth; however, neither the molecular components of this system nor the cellular mechanism of auxin redistribution on light or gravity perception have been identified. Here, we show that auxin accumulates asymmetrically during differential growth in an efflux-dependent manner. Mutations in the Arabidopsis gene PIN3, a regulator of auxin efflux, alter differential growth. PIN3 is expressed in gravity-sensing tissues, with PIN3 protein accumulating predominantly at the lateral cell surface. PIN3 localizes to the plasma membrane and to vesicles that cycle in an actin-dependent manner. In the root columella, PIN3 is positioned symmetrically at the plasma membrane but rapidly relocalizes laterally on gravity stimulation. Our data indicate that PIN3 is a component of the lateral auxin transport system regulating tropic growth. In addition, actin-dependent relocalization of PIN3 in response to gravity provides a mechanism for redirecting auxin flux to trigger asymmetric growth.

Subfields: Molecular Biology, Plant Science

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75f09b833cd9245517521c06581876ed2a602a9a

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Citations in the corpus

Control of Arabidopsis root development. (2012, background): “The auxin efflux carrier PIN3 is initially distributed throughout the plasma membrane of statocytes, but is redistributed to the lower side of statocytes upon gravistimulation (51).”
Repression of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR10 by microRNA160 is critical for seed germination and post-germination stages. (2007, background): “These include SUCROSE-H+ SYM- PORTER GENE SUC1 (At1g71880), SULFITE REDUCTASE (At5g04590), expressed proteins (At3g30720 and At2g40000) and PIN3 (At1g70940), which is known to be involved in lateral relocation of auxin efflux in tropism responses (Friml et al., 2002).”
Auxin: regulation, action, and interaction. (2005, background): “, 2001) and PIN3 (Friml et al., 2002) rapidly cycle between the plasma membrane and unidentified endosomal compartments.”
Patterns of Auxin Transport and Gene Expression during Primordium Development Revealed by Live Imaging of the Arabidopsis Inflorescence Meristem (2005, positive): “Besides determining primordial position, auxin transport patterns play a crucial role in other developmental processes including venation patterning [48, 49], establishing the embryo apical-basal axis [50], promoting differential growth in response to gravity [ 51 ], and formation of the root merist”
Regulation of Root Growth by Plant Hormones—Roles for Auxin and Gibberellin (2005, background): “PIN3 accumulates predominantly at the lateral cell surface in columella and re-localizes downward on gravity stimulation (Friml et al., 2002b).”
Intracellular trafficking and proteolysis of the Arabidopsis auxin-efflux facilitator PIN2 are involved in root gravitropism (2006, methodology): “In this context, it is significant that the control of PIN protein function has been associated with its constitutive cycling between the plasma membrane and endosomes, as demonstrated by treatment with BF”
The Arabidopsis GNOM ARF-GEF mediates endosomal recycling, auxin transport, and auxin-dependent plant growth. (2003, background): “ARA7 was shown to localize to structures very similar to such as pectins (Baluska et al., 2002; Friml et al., 2002; GNOM-positive compartments and to also colocalize Geldner et al., 2001; Grebe et al., 2002; Heese et al., with compartments of early FM4-64 accumulation (Ueda 2001).”