Organ printing: Tissue spheroids as building blocks

By V. Mironov, R. Visconti, V. Kasyanov, Gabor Forgacs, C. Drake, R. Markwald. Biomaterials, 2009

1,188 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Organ printing can be defined as layer-by-layer additive robotic biofabrication of three-dimensional functional living macrotissues and organ constructs using tissue spheroids as building blocks. The microtissues and tissue spheroids are living materials with certain measurable, evolving and potentially controllable composition, material and biological properties. Closely placed tissue spheroids undergo tissue fusion — a process that represents a fundamental biological and biophysical principle of developmental biology-inspired directed tissue self-assembly. It is possible to engineer small segments of an intraorgan branched vascular tree by using solid and lumenized vascular tissue spheroids. Organ printing could dramatically enhance and transform the field of tissue engineering by enabling large-scale industrial robotic biofabrication of living human organ constructs with “built-in” perfusable intraorgan branched vascular tree. Thus, organ printing is a new emerging enabling technology paradigm which represents a developmental biology-inspired alternative to classic biodegradable solid scaffold-based approaches in tissue engineering.

Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Surgery

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/757f36480dfcee448483dca2f60ab3a8be467055

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Citations in the corpus

Additive Manufacturing: Current State, Future Potential, Gaps and Needs, and Recommendations (2015, background): “The year 2013 marked the 15th year of cell printing, an ambitious vision to create a developmental biology-enabled, scaffold-less technique to fabricate living tissues and organs by printing living cells [10,11].”
Additive manufacturing of tissues and organs (2012, background): “The rationale is that aggregates of cells can fuse through cell‐cell and cell‐ECM interactions to form larger structures, similar to embryonic development [106].”
Bioprinting Toward Organ Fabrication: Challenges and Future Trends (2013, background): “viability is enhanced due to the large cell seeding density and less mechanical stress experienced compared with direct cell manipulation [48].”
3D printing of functional biomaterials for tissue engineering. (2016, positive): “The successful application of the technology in printing cell-laden construct further leads to future organ printing applications [20,21].”
Recent advances in biomaterials for 3D scaffolds: A review (2019, background): “) filaments or cell spheroids [238] that could be deposited without a scaffold.”
3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (2017, background): “Unfortunately, microvessel infiltration often lacks depth of penetration, limiting the size of viable bone construct that can be implanted [366,367].”
Current advances and future perspectives in extrusion-based bioprinting. (2016, methodology): “They considered printing cells in clusters in a spheroid shape on a hydrogel glue called “biopaper” [20] and investigated bioprinting vascular constructs in 3D.”
A comprehensive review on droplet-based bioprinting: Past, present and future. (2016, background): “echanics Department, Penn [1,12] can improve in-vitro drug testing by replacing twodimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models as animal models are not effective at predicting human toxicological and pathophysiological responses [13] and 2D culture models do not closely mimic complex 3D micro-ti”