Advances in top-down and bottom-up surface nanofabrication: techniques, applications & future prospects.

By A. Biswas, Ilker S. Bayer, A. Biris, Tao Wang, Enkeleda Dervishi, Franz Faupel. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2012

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Nano and Microscale Topographies for the Prevention of Bacterial Surface Fouling (2014, background): “) [37–47] on a wide range of substrates, ranging from various polymeric materials (silicone, polystyrene, polyurethane, and epoxy resins) to metals and metal oxides (silicon, titanium, aluminum, silica, and gold) [21,40,45,47–55].”
A review on the progress of polymer nanostructures with modulated morphologies and properties, using nanoporous AAO templates (2016, methodology): “Generally, the nanofabrication methods are divided into two major categories: “bottom–up” and “top–down” methods according to the processes involved in creating nanoscale structures[15].”
Advances of Ag, Cu, and Ag–Cu alloy nanoparticles synthesized via chemical reduction route (2013, background): “It is well known synthesis nanoparticles with bottom-up approach are better than top-down approach because more homogeneous chemical composition and lesser defects nanoparticles can be obtained (Biswas et al. 2012).”
Recent progress in antireflection and self-cleaning technology – From surface engineering to functional surfaces (2014, background): “Mostly solid-state, stable products are formed as a result of the chemical reactions [136].”