Index Modulation Techniques for Next-Generation Wireless Networks

By Ertugrul Basar, Miaowen Wen, Raed Mesleh, M. Di Renzo, Yue Xiao, Harald Haas. IEEE Access, 2017

805 citations recorded by the source corpus.

What is index modulation (IM)? This is an interesting question that we have started to hear more and more frequently over the past few years. The aim of this paper is to answer this question in a comprehensive manner by covering not only the basic principles and emerging variants of IM, but also reviewing the most recent as well as promising advances in this field toward the application scenarios foreseen in next-generation wireless networks. More specifically, we investigate three forms of IM: spatial modulation, channel modulation and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with IM, which consider the transmit antennas of a multiple-input multiple-output system, the radio frequency mirrors (parasitic elements) mounted at a transmit antenna and the subcarriers of an OFDM system for IM techniques, respectively. We present the up-to-date advances in these three promising frontiers and discuss possible future research directions for IM-based schemes toward low-complexity, spectrum- and energy-efficient next-generation wireless networks.

Subfields: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Molecular Biology

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/75509ed4e2ca15fa6e7b00af4699b70a398df27e

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Citations in the corpus

Smart radio environments empowered by reconfigurable AI meta-surfaces: an idea whose time has come (2019, methodology): “Mediabased modulation is a single-RF modulation scheme, similar to beamspace MIMO [63], spatial modulation [64, 65], load modulation [66], and index modulation [67].”
Smart Radio Environments Empowered by Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How it Works, State of Research, and Road Ahead (2020, methodology): “This application of RISs can be viewed as an instance of spatial modulation and index modulation [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12].”
Classifications and Applications of Physical Layer Security Techniques for Confidentiality: A Comprehensive Survey (2019, background): “Index modulation is a new emerging type of modulation [386] that enhances power efficiency and reliability.”
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Wireless Communications: Overview of Hardware Designs, Channel Models, and Estimation Techniques (2022, background): “In this context, index modulation that exploits the indices of building blocks of target communication systems to convey information, appeared as an intriguing alternative to well-established MIMO modes and waveforms used in standards [19].”
A Survey on Spatial Modulation in Emerging Wireless Systems: Research Progresses and Applications (2019, methodology): “For information recovery, the receivers of SM have to execute two main tasks [35]:”
Joint Radar-Communication Strategies for Autonomous Vehicles: Combining Two Key Automotive Technologies (2019, methodology): “Instead of using conventional modulations, IM embeds data bits into the indices of certain transmission building blocks [47].”
Toward Smart Wireless Communications via Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: A Contemporary Survey (2019, background): “This is the main design principle of spatial modulation, which is conventionally realized by using reconﬁgurable antennas [109]–[111].”
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Based Index Modulation: A New Beyond MIMO Paradigm for 6G (2019, positive): “IM-based emerging schemes such as media-based modulation [3]–[5], spatial scattering modulation [6], and beam index modulation (IM) [7], use the variations in the signatures of received signals by exploiting reconfigurable antennas or scatterers to transmit additional information bits in rich scatte”
Novel Index Modulation Techniques: A Survey (2019, background): “only SM and IM-OFDM schemes are discussed in [66].”
Transmission Through Large Intelligent Surfaces: A New Frontier in Wireless Communications (2019, background): “belong to the vast IM family [7], use the variations in the signatures of received signals by exploiting reconfigurable antennas or scatterers to transmit additional information bits in rich scattering environments.”