Early crust on top of the Earth''s core: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

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Water, Melting, and the Deep Earth H 2 O Cycle (2006, background): “It is possible that parts of the mantle are not sampled by any oceanic basalts, but these are generally thought to represent a relatively small volume restricted to the core-mantle boundary (Blichert-Toft & Albarede 1997, Rudnick et al. 2000, Tolstikhin & Hofmann 2005).”
Water distribution across the mantle transition zone and its implications for global material circulation (2011, unknown): “2002; Rüpke et al., 2006; Tolstikhin and Hofmann, 2005), then this type of model is not consistent with the observed electrical conductivity profiles that show a marked increase in water at ~410- km (compare Fig.”
Urey ratio and the structure and evolution of Earth's mantle (2008, background): “Or it may correspond to the thin, D00 layer at the base of the mantle [e.g., Coltice and Ricard, 2002; Tolstikhin and Hofmann, 2005], but the layer might be too enriched in heat-producing elements to have been gravitationally stable in the past.”
Dynamics and evolution of the deep mantle resulting from thermal, chemical, phase and melting effects (2012, background): “Extensive early crust would also have been generated due to widespread melting, and this might also have subducted and sunk into the deepest mantle (Boyet and Carlson, 2005; Tolstikhin and Hofmann, 2005; Tolstikhin et al., 2006).”