Tumor immunotherapy directed at PD-1.

By Antoni Ribas. New England Journal of Medicine, 2012

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Survival, Durable Tumor Remission, and Long-Term Safety in Patients With Advanced Melanoma Receiving Nivolumab (2023, background): “Evidence suggests that a properly educated immune system can provide a self-perpetuating mechanism to eliminate or durably control melanoma and other cancers.(2) The clinical translation of cancer immunotherapy has recently accelerated as advances in molecular immunology have elucidated mechanistic ”
Irradiation and anti-PD-L1 treatment synergistically promote antitumor immunity in mice. (2014, positive): “Moreover, inhibitors of the PD-L1/ PD-1 axis have been reported to generate potent antitumor activity in murine tumor models and clinical trials (23–26).”
PD-L1 on tumor cells is sufficient for immune evasion in immunogenic tumors and inhibits CD8 T cell cytotoxicity (2017, background): “Blocking the interaction of PD-1 with its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, leads to impressive antitumor responses and clinical benefit in a subset of patients (Ribas, 2012; Alme et al., 2016).”
Safety and Tumor Responses with Lambrolizumab (Anti–PD-1) in Melanoma (2013, neutral): “Mutant 13 (32) 1 (6) 1 (4) 5 (16) 6 (27) 26 (19)”