: American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass

By I. Luckey. 1995

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Citations in the corpus

Prediction-Based Decisions and Fairness: A Catalogue of Choices, Assumptions, and Definitions (2018, background): “Intentional manipulations of this could mimic the racist practice of redlining, justifying loan denials by neighborhood characteristics [116].”
Auditing black-box models for indirect influence (2016, background): “In the classic case of redlining [17], the decision-making process explicitly excluded race, but it used zipcode, which in a segregated environment is strongly linked to race.”
Towards a critical race methodology in algorithmic fairness (2019, neutral): “Benthall and Haynes restrict their analysis to that of spatial segregation, which is to be sure, an important and active research area and subject of signiﬁcant policy discussion (e.g. [76, 99]).”
Housing inequality in transitional Beijing (2009, background): “In the United States, where private housing dominates the stock, housing inequality is prevalent, resulting from a set of factors ranging from socio-economic status to racial discrimination (Burgess, 1967; Clark, 1986; Galster, 1988; Massey and Denton, 1993).”
Soaring Above the Clouds, Delving the Ocean’s Depths (2010, background): “…Spencer, Cole, Jones, & Swanson, 1997); structural changes in neighborhood resources, supports for families, comprehensive health care, and so on (Massey & Denton, 1993; McLoyd, 1998; Shonkoff & Phillips, 2000); medical advances such as new epigenetic drugs coming on the market that have been…”
Cities Destroyed (Again) For Cash: Forum on the U.S. Foreclosure Crisis (2008, background): “A pernicious poverty—measured not only in income but also in access to job, educational, and credit opportunities—had emerged, in part, from where people lived (Massey, 1990).”
Race and Economic Opportunity in the United States: an Intergenerational Perspective* (2018, unknown): “The sources of these disparities have been heavily studied and debated, with proposed explanations ranging from residential segregation (e.g., Wilson 1987; Massey and Denton 1993) and discrimination (e.”
Multilevel Modeling of Social Segregation (2012, background): “In the United States, there has been great interest in measuring residential spatial segregation, particularly in relation to race and ethnicity (Massey & Denton, 1993; Taeuber & Taeuber, 1965).”
Children and Youth in Neighborhood Contexts (2003, background): “Both family and neighborhood poverty are rooted in demographic shifts in family composition and labor-force participation, changes in migration and residential patterns, declines in industrialization, and housing segregation (Massey & Denton, 1993; Wilson, 1987).”
The Social, Psychological, and Political Causes of Racial Disparities in the American Criminal Justice System (2010, unknown): “In retro-spect, those federal policies have been discredited and are widely recognized to have been a significant contributor to perpetuation of racially segregated housing (Massey and Denton 1993).”
African American Parents’ Educational Orientations (2004, background): “In this model, race and social class structure residential options (Jargowski, 1997; Massey & Denton, 1993) and thus school attendance patterns (Roscigno, 2000).”