Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance.

By A. Magiorakos, A. Srinivasan, R. Carey, Yehuda Carmeli, M. Falagas, C. Giske, S. Harbarth, J. Hindler, G. Kahlmeter, B. Olsson-liljequist and 7 more. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2012

13,127 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Subfields: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Medicine

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/14a550995d7bdea6095f479a4aac7148a2f38c8d

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The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

In Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

1. J. Pitout
2. L. Poirel
3. P. Nordmann
4. Robert A. Bonomo
5. R. Cantón

In Infectious Diseases

1. J. Vila
2. J. Pitout
3. Ronald N. Jones
4. Robert A. Bonomo
5. A. Jayol
6. H. Boucher
7. P. Nordmann
8. M. Arendrup

In Molecular Medicine

1. L. Poirel
2. P. Nordmann
3. J. Pitout
4. Amy Mathers
5. G. Peirano
6. Robert A. Bonomo
7. A. Carattoli
8. Y. Doi

Citations in the corpus

• Using Genomics to Track Global Antimicrobial Resistance (2019, background): “It has long been a common practice to defineMDR as resistance to compounds from three or more drug classes (24), a definition with limited practical value.”
• Klebsiella pneumoniae: a major worldwide source and shuttle for antibiotic resistance (2017, background): “This constant evolution over the years has led to the emergence of MDR and XDR Enterobacteriaceae strains (Magiorakos et al. 2012) that exhibit resistance to nearly all antibiotics available, without possible treatment options Received: 5 October 2016; Accepted: 28 February 2017 C© FEMS 2017.”
• The Role of Epidemic Resistance Plasmids and International High-Risk Clones in the Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (2015, methodology): “We will use the recent definition of MDR Enterobacteriaceae that was adopted by the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (40).”
• ESCMID guidelines for the management of the infection control measures to reduce transmission of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in hospitalized patients. (2014, methodology): “MDR organisms were defined according to the ECDC/CDC definition [7] as those micro-organisms that were resistant to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories.”
• Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Associated With Healthcare-Associated Infections: Summary of Data Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011–2014 (2016, neutral): “These criteria approximated interim standard definitions for defining multidrug-resistance.(11) Results from Klebsiella pathogens were limited to K.”
• Polymyxins: Antibacterial Activity, Susceptibility Testing, and Resistance Mechanisms Encoded by Plasmids or Chromosomes (2017, background): “However, the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (31), particularly K.”
• The global epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (2017, background): “(PDR) bacteria, generated by experts representing the CDC and eCDC.(11) Using these criteria, almost all currently encountered CPE would be considered MDR, and”
• Multidrug-Resistant Candida: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Treatment (2017, background): “Similar findings were reported at other US hospitals, and a CDC survey showed rates of 3.1%–3.6% from 4 US cities in varying geographic regions [32].”
• 10 x '20 Progress--development of new drugs active against gram-negative bacilli: an update from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. (2013, background): “While a number of definitions exist, a proposed International Standard defines MDR as nonsusceptibility to at least 1 agent in 3 or more antimicrobial classes [11].”
• Towards Advances in Medicinal Plant Antimicrobial Activity: A Review Study on Challenges and Future Perspectives (2021, background): “However, bacteria can create resistance to multiple antimicrobials inherently by selective pressures or acquire the resistance machinery from neighboring microbe [52,53].”
• Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Associated with Healthcare-Associated Infections Summary of Data Reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009–2010 (2013, neutral): “These criteria approximated, as best as possible, interim standard definitions for defining multidrug resistance.(4) For the purpose of this report, “Klebsiella spp.”
• EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis. (2018, background): “from MDR bacteria to extensively drug resistance (XDR) bacteria defined by a nonsusceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories or to pandrug resistance (PDR) bacteria defined by a non-susceptibility to all agents in all antimicrobial categories [265].”