Sarcopenic obesity: definition, cause and consequences

By S. Stenholm, Tamara B. Harris, T. Rantanen, Marjolein Visser, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Luigi Ferrucci. Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 2008

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Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis (2010, background): “It had long been thought that age-related loss of weight, along with loss of muscle mass, was largely responsible for muscle weakness in older people [29].”
ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition. (2017, background): “Mechanisms include inflammation and/or inactivity induced muscle catabolism in obese patients [31,32].”
Clinical definition of sarcopenia. (2014, background): “It has been proposed that excess energy intake, physical inactivity, low grade inflammation, insulin resistance and changes in hormonal homeostasis may result in the development of sarcopenic obesity (19-33).”
Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges (2021, background): “Furthermore, ectopic fat infiltration in the muscle lowers the quality of skeletal muscle and thereby impairs muscle functionality [35].”
Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: Recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group (2014, methodology): “Working definitions of sarcopenic obesity have been used in research studies, but there is not yet a universal definition for clinical practice [72,73].”