ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition.

By T. Cederholm, R. Barazzoni, P. Austin, P. Ballmer, G. Biolo, S. Bischoff, C. Compher, I. Correia, T. Higashiguchi, M. Holst and 14 more. Clinical Nutrition, 2017

2,115 citations recorded by the source corpus.

BACKGROUND A lack of agreement on definitions and terminology used for nutrition-related concepts and procedures limits the development of clinical nutrition practice and research. OBJECTIVE This initiative aimed to reach a consensus for terminology for core nutritional concepts and procedures. METHODS The European Society of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) appointed a consensus group of clinical scientists to perform a modified Delphi process that encompassed e-mail communication, face-to-face meetings, in-group ballots and an electronic ESPEN membership Delphi round. RESULTS Five key areas related to clinical nutrition were identified: concepts; procedures; organisation; delivery; and products. One core concept of clinical nutrition is malnutrition/undernutrition, which includes disease-related malnutrition (DRM) with (eq. cachexia) and without inflammation, and malnutrition/undernutrition without disease, e.g. hunger-related malnutrition. Over-nutrition (overweight and obesity) is another core concept. Sarcopenia and frailty were agreed to be separate conditions often associated with malnutrition. Examples of nutritional procedures identified include screening for subjects at nutritional risk followed by a complete nutritional assessment. Hospital and care facility catering are the basic organizational forms for providing nutrition. Oral nutritional supplementation is the preferred way of nutrition therapy but if inadequate then other forms of medical nutrition therapy, i.e. enteral tube feeding and parenteral (intravenous) nutrition, becomes the major way of nutrient delivery. CONCLUSION An agreement of basic nutritional terminology to be used in clinical practice, research, and the ESPEN guideline developments has been established. This terminology consensus may help to support future global consensus efforts and updates of classification systems such as the International Classification of Disease (ICD). The continuous growth of knowledge in all areas addressed in this statement will provide the foundation for future revisions.

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How researchers see this paper

The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.

1. A. Weimann
2. M. Braga
3. P. Singer
4. Jann Arends
5. T. Cederholm
6. K. Norman
7. Vickie E. Baracos
8. F. Carli

Citations in the corpus

• GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition – A consensus report from the global clinical nutrition community (2019, methodology): “Etiology-based diagnosis classification An etiology-based diagnosis classification is endorsed by GLIM consistent with those suggested previously by the International Consensus Guideline Committee,1 the AND/ASPEN Guidelines,7 and the ESPEN Guidelines.2 The classification includes malnutrition relate”
• ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020, unknown): “These include but not limited to the Subjective Global Assessment criteria, the Mini 95 Nutritional Assessment criteria validated for geriatric patients, the NUTRIC score criteria for ICU 96 patients (8,9).”
• Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges (2021, background): “Further factors may include physical, mental or cognitive status which might prevent the older person to properly care for themselves as well as socio-economic factors which hinder access to a varied high-quality diet [61].”
• ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. (2017, background): “Grade of recommendation GPP/A e strong consensus (100% agreement) Commentary: For the surgical patient PN is beneficial in the following circumstances (ESPEN Guidelines [105]): in undernourished patients in whom EN is not feasible or not tolerated, and in patients with postoperative complications im”
• ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. (2019, methodology): “Regarding the definition of malnutrition we refer to the ESPEN consensus [7] and terminology [8].”
• ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. (2019, methodology): “All the definitions and terminologies used in this guideline document are in accordance with the recent ESPEN terminology recommendations [13] (Fig.”
• ESPEN expert group recommendations for action against cancer-related malnutrition. (2017, background): “The inflammatory response causes anorexia and tissue breakdown that can, in turn, result in significant loss of body weight, alterations in body composition, and declining physical function [9].”