Impact of Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Corn and Crop Phenology on Five Nontarget Arthropods

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Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis Transgenic Corn for Lepidopteran Control on Nontarget Arthropods (2005, background): “D ow nloaded from https://academ ic.oup.com /ee/article-abstract/34/5/1292/431550 by guest on 16 M arch 2020 by Orr and Landis (1997), Pilcher et al. (1997, 2005), Wold et al. (2002), Hassell and Shepard (2002), and Bourguet et al. (2002) also did not Þnd any signiÞcant differences in the Þeld…”
A Comparison of Arthropod Communities in Transgenic Bt and Conventional Cotton in Australia (2005, background): “…workers report no effect of Bt crops on either the numbers of lepidopteran parasitoids present (Johnson et al. 1997, Wu and Guo 2003) or their activity (Johnson and Gould 1992, Orr and Landis 1997), whereas others report lower numbers of lepidopteran parasitoids in Bt crops (Pilcher et al. 2005).”
Aphidophagy by Coccinellidae: Application of biological control in agroecosystems (2009, background): “However, it should be noted that most studies do not document effects on non-target coccinellids from commercialized transgenic crops (e.g., Al-Deeb et al., 2001; Lundgren and Wiedenmann, 2002, 2004, 2005; Pilcher et al., 2005; Shelton et al., 2009; but see Birch et al. 1999; Lovei et al., 2009).”