Grain Structure Control of Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials

By Fuyao Yan, Wei Xiong, E. Faierson. Materials, 2017

299 citations recorded by the source corpus.

Grain structure control is challenging for metal additive manufacturing (AM). Grain structure optimization requires the control of grain morphology with grain size refinement, which can improve the mechanical properties of additive manufactured components. This work summarizes methods to promote fine equiaxed grains in both the additive manufacturing process and subsequent heat treatment. Influences of temperature gradient, solidification velocity and alloy composition on grain morphology are discussed. Equiaxed solidification is greatly promoted by introducing a high density of heterogeneous nucleation sites via powder rate control in the direct energy deposition (DED) technique or powder surface treatment for powder-bed techniques. Grain growth/coarsening during post-processing heat treatment can be restricted by presence of nano-scale oxide particles formed in-situ during AM. Grain refinement of martensitic steels can also be achieved by cyclic austenitizing in post-processing heat treatment. Evidently, new alloy powder design is another sustainable method enhancing the capability of AM for high-performance components with desirable microstructures.

Subfields: Automotive Engineering, Mechanical Engineering

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/70409b5db72fd775c1e37c343fa54c878e73ce4e

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In Automotive Engineering

1. I. Yadroitsava
2. I. Yadroitsev
3. M. Easton
4. A. du Plessis

In Mechanical Engineering

1. D. Qiu
2. M. Easton
3. D. StJohn
4. A. Prasad
5. I. Yadroitsava
6. I. Yadroitsev
7. Mitesh N. Patel
8. Pavel Krakhmalev

Citations in the corpus

• Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (2018, background): “Other factors that influence the hardness of PLBF stainless steels are, for example, the interaction of dislocations with the particles [22,23,25,29], residual stresses, material porosity, and defects.”
• Towards understanding grain nucleation under Additive Manufacturing solidification conditions (2020, background): “see Figure 1 in [24]), the current work focuses on understanding grain nucleation and growth of grains under extreme cooling conditions as experienced during AM.”