Microstructure, Solidification Texture, and Thermal Stability of 316 L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
By Pavel Krakhmalev, Gunnel Fredriksson, K. Svensson, I. Yadroitsev, I. Yadroitsava, M. Thuvander, R. Peng. Metals, 2018
171 citations recorded by the source corpus.
This article overviews the scientific results of the microstructural features observed in 316 L stainless steel manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) method obtained by the authors, and discusses the results with respect to the recently published literature. Microscopic features of the LPBF microstructure, i.e., epitaxial nucleation, cellular structure, microsegregation, porosity, competitive colony growth, and solidification texture, were experimentally studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, diffraction methods, and atom probe tomography. The influence of laser power and laser scanning speed on the microstructure was discussed in the perspective of governing the microstructure by controlling the process parameters. It was shown that the three-dimensional (3D) zig-zag solidification texture observed in the LPBF 316 L was related to the laser scanning strategy. The thermal stability of the microstructure was investigated under isothermal annealing conditions. It was shown that the cells formed at solidification started to disappear at about 800 °C, and that this process leads to a substantial decrease in hardness. Colony boundaries, nevertheless, were quite stable, and no significant grain growth was observed after heat treatment at 1050 °C. The observed experimental results are discussed with respect to the fundamental knowledge of the solidification processes, and compared with the existing literature data.
Subfields: Mechanical Engineering
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/76d8b1113a1bd33ffdc115cfd284080fa1fbcce4
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In Mechanical Engineering
Citations in the corpus
- Intrinsic strain aging, Σ3 boundaries, and origins of cellular substructure in additively manufactured 316L (2018, background): “While all research groups studying SLM of 316L report observing cellular substructures via some combination of optical, scanning and/or transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively), only a subset of these groups report the presence of an increased concentration of certain elements (t”
- The origin of high-density dislocations in additively manufactured metals (2020, background): “On the other hand, there were evidences suggesting that the dislocation patterns are associated with solute atom microsegregation, which provides a spatial framework for dislocation pinning as they propagate upon cooling [6,8,9].”