Rounding-Up in Reported Eps, Behavioral Thresholds, and Earnings Management

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The Market Reward for Achieving Analyst Earnings Expectations: Does Managing Expectations or Earnings Matter? (2011, background): “…and that the market expects a certain degree of earnings or expectations management to this end (Burgstahler and Dichev 1997, Lopez and Rees 2002, Das and Zhang 2003, Graham et al. 2005, Burgstahler and Eames 2006), we focus our tests on firms that just meet or beat analyst forecasts (£0.00 ≤…”
Earnings management or forecast guidance to meet analyst expectations? (2009, unknown): “Consistent with prior research (Burgstahler and Dichev, 1997; Dechow et al., 2000; Peasnell et al., 2000a; Das and Zhang, 2003), we focus on working capital accruals instead of total accruals, as changes in working capital offer a more flexible mechanism to meet earnings benchmarks than non-current…”
Understanding Earnings Quality: A Review of the Proxies, Their Determinants and Their Consequences (2010, background): “A number of studies provide evidence of earnings management to meet or beat earnings targets (Kasznik, 1999; Das and Zhang, 2003; Roychowdhury, 2006).”
Pricing of Seasoned Equity Offers and Earnings Management (2005, background): “Previous research shows that positive news about share price may encourage SEO firms to manage their earnings to meet the market expectation (Kasznik (1999), Matsumoto (2002), Degeorge, Patel, and Zeckhauser (1999), Das and Zhang (2003)).”