Nutritional immunity beyond iron: a role for manganese and zinc
By T. Kehl-Fie, Eric P. Skaar. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2009
603 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Summary Vertebrates sequester iron from invading pathogens, and conversely, pathogens express a variety of factors to steal iron from the host. Recent work has demonstrated that in addition to iron, vertebrates sequester zinc and manganese both intracellularly and extracellularly to protect against infection. Intracellularly, vertebrates utilize the ZIP/ZnT families of transporters to manipulate zinc levels, as well as Nramp1 to manipulate manganese levels, respectively. Extracellularly, the S100 protein calprotectin sequesters manganese and potentially zinc to inhibit microbial growth. To circumvent these defenses, bacteria possess high affinity transporters to import specific nutrient metals. Limiting the availability of zinc and manganese as a mechanism to defend against infection expands the spectrum of nutritional immunity and further establishes metal sequestration as a key defense against microbial invaders.
Subfields: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Hematology, Nutrition and Dietetics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/6fca37c6ecb3a9fa1a4c02a78a1071317495ca30
How researchers see this paper
The researchers whose trusted networks rank it highest, strongest advocate first. Every researcher gets a different order.
In Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
In Hematology
In Nutrition and Dietetics
Citations in the corpus
- The Battle for Iron between Bacterial Pathogens and Their Vertebrate Hosts (2010, background): “The most significant form of nutritional immunity is the sequestration of nutrient iron [1].”
- Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges (2021, background): “Moreover, it is known that inflammation, which is common in older adults, affects trace element status and their biomarkers, resulting in depleted plasma stores of Fe, Zn, and manganese, a phenomenon which is partly known as nutritional immunity and serves as a defence against invading pathogens [77”
- Zinc as a Gatekeeper of Immune Function (2017, background): “In general, calprotectin was also highly expressed in neutrophils [81,82].”